Optically Stimulated Luminescence: Fundamentals and Applications
Optically Stimulated Luminescence: Fundamentals and Applications
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470977064
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发表时间：
2011-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Yukihara;S. McKeever
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Yukihara;S. McKeever
前言。致谢。免责声明。缩略语列表。1导论。1.1光激发发光的简史。1.2成功应用的简要描述。1.2.1个人。1.2.2空间。1.2.3医学。1.2.4安全。1.3未来。2理论与实践方面。2.1导论。2.2 OSL现象的基本方面。2.2.1完美晶体中的能级。2.2.2晶体中的缺陷。2.2.3电离辐射激发晶体。2.2.4缺陷能级的俘获与重组。2.2.5热捕获电荷的刺激。2.2.6捕获电荷的光刺激。2.2.7发光过程。2.2.8 OSL和TL过程的速率方程。2.2.9 OSL信号的温度依赖性。2.2.10其他OSL模型。2.3 OSL读出。2.3.1 OSL读取器的基本元件。2.3.2刺激方式。2.4仪器。2.4.1光源。2.4.2光探测器。2.4.3滤光片。2.4.4光收集。2.4.5样品加热器。2.5可用的OSL读取器。2.5.1实验安排。2.5.2自动研究读本。2.5.3商用剂量学读本。2.5.4光纤系统。2.5.5成像系统。2.5.6便携式OSL读本。2.6互补技术。2.6.1 OSL发射和激发谱。2.6.2寿命和时间分辨OSL测量。2.6.3 OSL和TL之间的相关性。2.6.4其他现象。2.7 OSL材料概述。2.7.1人工材料。2.7.2天然材料。2.7.3电子元件。2.7.4其他OSL材料和材料需求。3个人剂量学。3.1介绍。3.2感兴趣的量。3.2.1吸收剂量和其他物理量。3.2.2保护量。3.2.3操作量。3.3剂量学注意事项。3.3.1定义。3.3.2剂量计算算法。3.3.3个人和区域剂量计的参考校准场。3.3.4不确定度分析和不确定度表示。3.4探测器。3.4.1一般特性。3.4.2 Al2O3:C探测器。3.4.3 BeO探测器。3.5剂量学系统。3.5.1 Luxel+剂量学系统。3.5.2 InLight剂量学系统。3.6中子敏感OSL探测器。3.6.1中子敏感OSL探测器的发展。3.6.2 OSLN探测器的特性。3.6.3电离密度效应。4空间剂量学。4.1简介。4.2空间辐射环境。4.2.1银河宇宙射线（GCR）。4.2.2地球辐射带（ERB）。4.2.3太阳粒子事件（spe）。4.2.4二次辐射。4.3关注量。4.3.1吸收剂量，D. 4.3.2剂量当量，H. 4.3.3当量剂量，HT。4.3.4有效剂量，E. 4.3.5灰色当量，GT. 4.4健康风险。4.5利用oslld（和tlld）评估空间辐射场中的剂量。4.5.1空间辐射场的标定问题。4.5.2热释光。4.5.3光激发发光。4.5.4 OSL在混合领域的响应。4.6应用。4.6.1 OSL在空间辐射领域的应用。4.6.2示例应用。4.7未来方向。5医学剂量学。5.1简介。5.2医学剂量学中的辐射领域。5.2.1诊断放射学。5.2.2放射治疗和放射外科。5.2.3质子和重离子治疗。5.3应用于医学剂量学的OSL实用方面。5.3.1拟议的形式。5.3.2校准和读出协议。5.3.3报告OSL结果。5.4用于实时剂量测定的光纤OSL系统。5.4.1基本概念。5.4.2光纤OSL系统设计和材料。5.4.3读出方法。5.5医用Al2O3:C OSL探测器的特性。5.5.1影响因素和校正因素。5.5.2光束质量校正因素。5.6临床应用。5.6.1外束放射治疗的质量保证。5.6.2近距离治疗。5.6.3 x射线计算剂量谱的测量断层扫描(CT)。5.6.4质子治疗。5.6.5透视检查（患者和工作人员剂量测定）。5.6.6乳房x光检查。5.6.7放射治疗中的场外剂量评估。5.6.8剂量测绘。5.6.9临床应用最后备注。6其他应用和概念。6.1介绍。6.2回顾性和事故剂量学。6.2.1基本考虑。6.2.2方法学方面。6.2.3建筑材料。6.2.4家用材料。6.2.5电子元件。6.2.6牙釉质和牙科陶瓷。6.3环境监测。6.4紫外线剂量学。6.5集成传感器。6.66.7其他潜在的安全应用。参考文献。索引。
Preface. Acknowledgments. Disclaimer. List of Acronyms. 1 Introduction. 1.1 A Short History of Optically Stimulated Luminescence. 1.2 Brief Description of Successful Applications. 1.2.1 Personal. 1.2.2 Space. 1.2.3 Medical. 1.2.4 Security. 1.3 The Future. 2 Theory and Practical Aspects. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Basic Aspects of the OSL Phenomenon. 2.2.1 Energy Levels in Perfect Crystals. 2.2.2 Defects in the Crystal. 2.2.3 Excitation of the Crystal by Ionizing Radiation. 2.2.4 Trapping and Recombination at Defect Levels. 2.2.5 Thermal Stimulation of Trapped Charges. 2.2.6 Optical Stimulation of Trapped Charges. 2.2.7 The Luminescence Process. 2.2.8 Rate Equations for OSL and TL Processes. 2.2.9 Temperature Dependence of the OSL Signal. 2.2.10 Other OSL Models. 2.3 OSL Readout. 2.3.1 Basic Elements of an OSL Reader. 2.3.2 Stimulation Modalities. 2.4 Instrumentation. 2.4.1 Light Sources. 2.4.2 Light Detectors. 2.4.3 Optical Filters. 2.4.4 Light Collection. 2.4.5 Sample Heaters. 2.5 Available OSL Readers. 2.5.1 Experimental Arrangements. 2.5.2 Automated Research Readers. 2.5.3 Commercial Dosimetry Readers. 2.5.4 Optical Fiber Systems. 2.5.5 Imaging Systems. 2.5.6 Portable OSL Readers. 2.6 Complementary Techniques. 2.6.1 OSL Emission and Stimulation Spectrum. 2.6.2 Lifetime and Time-Resolved OSL Measurements. 2.6.3 Correlations Between OSL and TL. 2.6.4 Other Phenomena. 2.7 Overview of OSL Materials. 2.7.1 Artificial Materials. 2.7.2 Natural Materials. 2.7.3 Electronic Components. 2.7.4 Other OSL Materials and Material Needs. 3 Personal Dosimetry. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Quantities of Interest. 3.2.1 Absorbed Dose and Other Physical Quantities. 3.2.2 Protection Quantities. 3.2.3 Operational Quantities. 3.3 Dosimetry Considerations. 3.3.1 Definitions. 3.3.2 Dose Calculation Algorithm. 3.3.3 Reference Calibration Fields for Personal and Area Dosimeters. 3.3.4 Uncertainty Analysis and Expression of Uncertainty. 3.4 Detectors. 3.4.1 General Characteristics. 3.4.2 Al2O3:C Detectors. 3.4.3 BeO Detectors. 3.5 Dosimetry Systems. 3.5.1 Luxel+ Dosimetry System. 3.5.2 InLight Dosimetry System. 3.6 Neutron-Sensitive OSL Detectors. 3.6.1 Development of Neutron-Sensitive OSL Detectors. 3.6.2 Properties of OSLN Detectors. 3.6.3 Ionization Density Effects. 4 Space Dosimetry. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Space Radiation Environment. 4.2.1 Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR). 4.2.2 Earth's Radiation Belts (ERB). 4.2.3 Solar Particle Events (SPEs). 4.2.4 Secondary Radiation. 4.3 Quantities of Interest. 4.3.1 Absorbed Dose, D. 4.3.2 Dose Equivalent, H. 4.3.3 Equivalent Dose, HT. 4.3.4 Effective Dose, E. 4.3.5 Gray-Equivalent, GT. 4.4 Health Risk. 4.5 Evaluation of Dose in Space Radiation Fields Using OSLDs (and TLDs). 4.5.1 The Calibration Problem for Space Radiation Fields. 4.5.2 Thermoluminescence, TL. 4.5.3 Optically Stimulated Luminescence, OSL. 4.5.4 OSL Response in Mixed Fields. 4.6 Applications. 4.6.1 Use of OSLDs (and TLDs) in Space-Radiation Fields. 4.6.2 Example Applications. 4.7 Future Directions. 5 Medical Dosimetry. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Radiation Fields in Medical Dosimetry. 5.2.1 Diagnostic Radiology. 5.2.2 Radiation Therapy and Radiosurgery. 5.2.3 Proton and Heavy-Ion Therapy. 5.3 Practical OSL Aspects Applied to Medical Dosimetry. 5.3.1 A Proposed Formalism. 5.3.2 Calibration and Readout Protocols. 5.3.3 A Checklist for Reporting OSL Results. 5.4 Optical-Fiber OSL Systems for Real-time Dosimetry. 5.4.1 Basic Concept. 5.4.2 Optical-Fiber OSL System Designs and Materials. 5.4.3 Readout Approaches. 5.5 Properties of Al2O3:C OSL Detectors for Medical Applications. 5.5.1 Influence Factors and Correction Factors. 5.5.2 Correction Factors for Beam Quality. 5.6 Clinical Applications. 5.6.1 Quality Assurance in External Beam Radiation Therapy. 5.6.2 Brachytherapy. 5.6.3 Measurement of Dose Profiles in X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). 5.6.4 Proton Therapy. 5.6.5 Fluoroscopy (Patient and Staff Dosimetry). 5.6.6 Mammography. 5.6.7 Out-of-field Dose Assessment in Radiotherapy. 5.6.8 Dose Mapping. 5.6.9 Final Remarks on Clinical Applications. 6 Other Applications and Concepts. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Retrospective and Accident Dosimetry. 6.2.1 Basic Considerations. 6.2.2 Methodological Aspects. 6.2.3 Building Materials. 6.2.4 Household Materials. 6.2.5 Electronic Components. 6.2.6 Dental Enamel and Dental Ceramics. 6.3 Environmental Monitoring. 6.4 UV Dosimetry. 6.5 Integrated Sensors. 6.6 Passive/Active Devices. 6.7 Other Potential Security Applications. References. Index.