Chemical mixtures: considering the evolution of toxicology and chemical assessment.
Chemical mixtures: considering the evolution of toxicology and chemical assessment.
复制标题
化学混合物：考虑毒理学和化学评估的演变。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.6987
复制
发表时间：
2005-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Monosson, Emily
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Monosson, Emily
化学混合物的评估对于毒理学家，监管机构和公众来说是一个复杂的话题。在这篇文章中，毒理学的科学和政府监管机构在美国的需求之间的联系进行了探讨，通过概述在过去的世纪颁布的环境法规和现代毒理学的简史。本概述的目标之一是鼓励监管机构和科学家在解决化学品混合物等现有问题时考虑这种科学-监管关系的益处和局限性。很明显，a）在过去的100年里，化学调控和毒理学研究在很大程度上都强调了单个化学品的表征和调控。但是，化学混合物已经并将继续在美国各地的危险废物场进行评估。出于这个原因，目前的美国环境保护署的化学混合物评估准则也进行了审查。这些准则强调了目前混合物评估的做法，这种做法主要依赖于现有的单一化学品数据库。同样清楚的是，B）通过管理机构和包括毒理学在内的广泛学科的科学家的共同努力，化学混合物的科学和评估正在取得进展。因为毒理学正处于这个令人兴奋的十字路口，所以应该特别注意这些力量（例如，公众需求、监管需要、资金、学术兴趣），这些因素既促进又限制了这一不断扩大的学科的发展。
The assessment of chemical mixtures is a complex topic for toxicologists, regulators, and the public. In this article the linkage between the science of toxicology and the needs of governmental regulatory agencies in the United States is explored through an overview of environmental regulations enacted over the past century and a brief history of modern toxicology. One of the goals of this overview is to encourage both regulators and scientists to consider the benefits and limitations of this science–regulatory relationship as they tackle existing issues such as chemical mixtures. It is clear that a) over the past 100 years chemical regulation and toxicologic research, have in large part, shared a common emphasis on characterization and regulation of individual chemicals. But chemical mixtures have been, and continue to be, evaluated at hazardous waste sites around the United States. For this reason the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for chemical mixtures assessment are also reviewed. These guidelines highlight the current practice of mixtures assessment, which relies primarily on the existing single-chemical database. It is also clear that b) the science and assessment of chemical mixtures are moving forward through the combined efforts of regulatory agencies and scientists from a broad range of disciplines, including toxicology. Because toxicology is at this exciting crossroads, particular attention should be paid to the forces (e.g., public demands, regulatory needs, funding, academic interests) that both promote and limit the growth of this expanding discipline.