THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE IN BRIEF VISUAL PRESENTATIONS
THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE IN BRIEF VISUAL PRESENTATIONS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/h0093759
复制
发表时间：
1960-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
SPERLING, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SPERLING, G
一次简短的曝光能看到多少？这是一个重要的问题，因为我们的正常观看模式非常类似于一系列短暂的曝光。在这份报告中，进行了以下实验，以定量研究观察者在短暂暴露后获得的信息。之所以选择字母刺激，是因为这些刺激每个项目包含的信息量相对较大，而且这些刺激是大多数以前的研究人员使用的类型。前两个实验基本上是对照实验；他们试图确认对字母的即时记忆不受刺激参数的影响，这是一种个体特征。在第三个实验中，通过所描述的抽样(部分报告)程序来确定刺激消失后立即可用的字母数。第四个实验探索了可用信息随时间的衰减。第五个实验考察了一些曝光参数。在第六个实验中，研究了一种无法证明大量可用信息的技术。第七个实验涉及具有重要历史意义的变量的作用：报告顺序。结果发现，每个观察者只能正确地报告有限数量的符号。对于15到500毫秒的暴露时间，平均略高于四个字母；四个或更少字母的刺激几乎100%的时间都是正确的。实验中观察到的部分报告的高准确性并不取决于报告的顺序或字母在刺激上的位置，而是取决于观察者在刺激关闭后阅读持续零点几秒的视觉图像的能力。(心理信息数据库记录(C)2016 APA，版权所有)
How much can be seen in a single brief exposure? This is an important problem because our normal mode of seeing greatly resembles a sequence of brief exposures. In this report, the following experiments were conducted to study quantitatively the information that becomes available to an observer following a brief exposure. Lettered stimuli were chosen because these contain a relatively large amount of information per item and because these are the kind of stimuli that have been used by most previous investigators. The first two experiments are essentially control experiments; they attempt to confirm that immediate-memory for letters is independent of the parameters of stimulation, that it is an individual characteristic. In the third experiment the number of letters available immediately after the extinction of the stimulus is determined by means of a sampling (partial report) procedure described. The fourth experiment explores decay of available information with time. The fifth experiment examines some exposure parameters. In the sixth experiment a technique which fails to demonstrate a large amount of available information is investigated. The seventh experiment deals with the role of the historically important variable: order of report. It was found that each observer was able to report only a limited number of symbols correctly. For exposure durations from 15 to 500 msec, the average was slightly over four letters; stimuli having four or fewer letters were reported correctly nearly 100% of the time. It is also concluded that the high accuracy of partial report observed in the experiments does not depend on the order of report or on the position of letters on the stimulus, but rather it is shown to depend on the ability of the observer to read a visual image that persists for a fraction of a second after the stimulus has been turned off.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)