Do healthy behaviors decline with greater acculturation?: Implications for the Latino mortality paradox
Do healthy behaviors decline with greater acculturation?: Implications for the Latino mortality paradox
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.01.016
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Flórez, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abraído-Lanza, AF;Chao, MT;Flórez, KR
与非拉丁裔白人相比，美国拉丁裔人的社会经济地位（SES）较低，但全因死亡率较低。由于较低的社会经济地位与较差的整体健康状况有关，因此围绕拉丁裔死亡率悖论存在大量争议。我们采用1991年全国健康访谈调查的二次数据分析来检验健康行为和文化适应假说，这些假说被提出来解释这一悖论。这些假设假设：(1)拉丁裔白人比非拉丁裔白人具有更有利的健康行为和风险因素概况；(2)随着文化适应程度的提高，健康行为和风险因素变得更不利。研究的具体健康行为和危险因素包括：吸烟、饮酒、休闲时间的运动活动和身体质量指数（BMI）。与健康行为假说一致的是，在控制了社会人口因素后，拉丁裔相对于非拉丁裔白人吸烟和饮酒的可能性更小。然而，在控制了年龄和经济地位之后，拉丁裔人不太可能参加任何锻炼活动，而且与非拉丁裔白人相比，他们更有可能拥有高BMI。研究结果部分支持了文化适应假说。在调整了年龄和社会经济地位后，较高的文化适应程度与三种不健康行为（更有可能大量饮酒、目前吸烟、身体质量指数高）有关，但与第四种不健康行为（更有可能最近锻炼）有关。针对性别的分析表明，观察到的拉丁裔和非拉丁裔白人之间的差异，以及文化适应对健康行为的影响，在男性和女性之间有所不同。结果表明，健康行为和文化适应假说可能有助于至少部分解释拉丁裔死亡率悖论。文化适应和危险行为之间关系的机制尚未确定。(c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd版权所有。
Relative to non-Latino whites, Latinos in the United States have a lower socioeconomic status (SES) profile, but a lower all-cause mortality rate. Because lower SES is associated with poorer overall health, a great deal of controversy surrounds the Latino mortality paradox. We employed a secondary data analysis of the 1991 National Health Interview Survey to test the health behavior and acculturation hypotheses, which have been proposed to explain this paradox. These hypotheses posit that: (1) Latinos have more favorable health behaviors and risk factor profiles than non-Latino whites, and (2) Health behaviors and risk factors become more unfavorable with greater acculturation. Specific health behaviors and risk factors studied were: smoking, alcohol use, leisure-time exercise activity, and body mass index (BMI). Consistent with the health behaviors hypothesis, Latinos relative to non-Latino whites were less likely to smoke and drink alcohol, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Latinos, however, were less likely to engage in any exercise activity, and were more likely to have a high BMI compared with non-Latino whites, after controlling for age and SES. Results provided partial support for the acculturation hypothesis. After adjusting for age and SES, higher acculturation was associated with three unhealthy behaviors (a greater likelihood of high alcohol intake, current smoking, a high BMI), but improvement in a fourth (greater likelihood of recent exercise). Gender-specific analyses indicated that the observed differences between Latinos and non-Latino whites, as well as the effects of acculturation on health behaviors, varied across men and women. Results suggest that the health behaviors and acculturation hypotheses may help to at least partially explain the Latino mortality paradox. The mechanisms accounting for the relationship between acculturation and risky behaviors have yet to be identified. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.