A consistent radionuclide vector after the Chernobyl accident
A consistent radionuclide vector after the Chernobyl accident
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DOI：
10.1097/00004032-200202000-00002
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Golikov, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mück, K;Pröhl, G;Golikov, V
对切尔诺贝利核电站被毁坏的 4 号机组释放羽流中的放射性核素矢量进行了评估。重点是与内剂量相关的放射性核素，包括半衰期短的放射性核素，以及 30 公里区域内的放射性核素矢量，在该区域几乎没有空气或食品中的数据。通过比较岩芯分析数据和空气过滤器的实际测量值以及沉积数据来进行数据评估。得出的核素矢量与大多数测量和岩心分析数据一致。各种放射性核素相对于引导同位素 Cs-137 的比率随释放方向和距发电厂距离的增加而变化。讨论了这种变化及其原因，并给出了距核电站任意距离处的矢量的可靠、一致的模型，特别是对于非挥发性放射性核素。这样，俄罗斯和乌克兰研究人员测定的放射性核素矢量与中欧和北欧测量的放射性核素矢量存在巨大差异，这可以通过如下事实来解释：Sr-90、Zr-95、Ba-140 和 Ce-144（靠近反应堆时与 1,000 公里距离处相比，与 Cs-137 的比例要高得多）附着在 8 μm 的颗粒尺寸上，因此比挥发性放射性核素沉积得更快平均附着1微米的颗粒物。此外，I-131 与 Cs-137 的比率随距离变化几乎一个数量级，这是由较高的碘沉积速度解释的。
The radionuclide vector in the release plume from the destroyed unit 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was assessed. Emphasis was laid on radionuclides relevant for the internal dose, including those with short half-lives, and on the radionuclide vector in the 30-km zone where practically no data in air or foodstuff are available. An evaluation of data was performed by comparing core analysis data and actual measurements of air filters and deposition data. The derived nuclide vector is consistent with most measurements and core analysis data. The ratios of the various radionuclides with regard to the guide isotope Cs-137 vary both with direction of release and with increasing distance from the power plant. The variation and its causes are discussed, and a credible, consistent model for the vector at arbitrary distances from the nuclear power plant, in particular with regard to non-volatile radionuclides, is given. In that way the observed large discrepancies of the radionuclide vector determined by Russian and Ukrainian researchers, and those measured in Central and Northern European are explained by the fact that Sr-90, Zr-95, Ba-140, and Ce-144, which showed a much higher ratio to Cs-137 close to the reactor than at 1,000 km distance, were attached to particle sizes of 8 mum and thus quicker deposited than the volatile radionuclides which were attached to 1 mum particulates on average. Also, the I-131 to Cs-137 ratio changes with distance by almost one order of magnitude which is explained by the higher deposition velocity of iodine.