Evolution of a chordate-specific mechanism for myoblast fusion
Evolution of a chordate-specific mechanism for myoblast fusion
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.add2696
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发表时间：
2022-09-02
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Bi，Pengpeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang，Haifeng;Shang，Renjie;Bi，Pengpeng
脊椎动物成肌细胞融合允许多核肌纤维复合单核细胞的大小和强度，但这一重要过程的演变是未知的。我们研究了膜聚结剂Myomaker和Myomixer在不同脊索动物群中的进化起源和功能。在这里，我们报告说，Myomaker可能是通过基因复制出现在最后的共同祖先的被囊动物和脊椎动物，而Myomixer似乎已经进化从头在早期脊椎动物。功能测试揭示了成肌细胞融合的复杂进化史。由Myomaker驱动的肌肉多核化的前脊椎动物阶段之后是后来出现的Myomixer，它使脊椎动物的高效融合系统成为可能。脊椎动物和非脊椎动物Myomaker之间的进化比较揭示了成肌细胞融合的关键结构和机制。因此，我们的研究结果提出了一个进化模型的脊索融合，并说明新的基因如何塑造新的形态发生性状和机制的出现。
Vertebrate myoblast fusion allows for multinucleated muscle fibers to compound the size and strength of mononucleated cells, but the evolution of this important process is unknown. We investigated the evolutionary origins and function of membrane-coalescing agents Myomaker and Myomixer in various groups of chordates. Here, we report thatMyomakerlikely arose through gene duplication in the last common ancestor of tunicates and vertebrates, whileMyomixerappears to have evolved de novo in early vertebrates. Functional tests revealed a complex evolutionary history of myoblast fusion. A prevertebrate phase of muscle multinucleation driven by Myomaker was followed by the later emergence of Myomixer that enables the highly efficient fusion system of vertebrates. Evolutionary comparisons between vertebrate and nonvertebrate Myomaker revealed key structural and mechanistic insights into myoblast fusion. Thus, our findings suggest an evolutionary model of chordate fusogens and illustrate how new genes shape the emergence of novel morphogenetic traits and mechanisms.