Sequence of introduction determines the success of contrasting root symbionts and their host
Sequence of introduction determines the success of contrasting root symbionts and their host
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104733
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发表时间：
2022-11-16
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Urwin, P. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bell, Christopher A.;Magkourilou, Emily;Urwin, P. E.
许多作物物种都寄生着各种各样的土传共生体，从寄生的（如马铃薯胞囊线虫（PCN））到共生的（包括丛枝菌根真菌（AMF））。这些生物中的每一种都可能在另一种生物到达之前与宿主建立共生，这可能会影响所有相关方的健康。我们模拟了 AMF 和 PCN 的一系列到达时间场景，并确定了它们对马铃薯寄主植物和随后的共生体的影响，以反映田间发生的共生体可能的复杂性。模拟主要集中在植物生长的最初几周，以确定早期植物发育过程中共生体相互作用的重要性。我们的数据表明，共生体引入作物根部的顺序不仅对于它们自身的成功很重要，而且对于宿主及其附加共生体的成功也很重要。 AMF 的存在增加了宿主上的 PCN 数量，并且较早引入 AMF 会增加效果的程度。然而，AMF 的存在也增加了马铃薯对多氯化萘的耐受性，减轻了多氯化萘负荷增加的负面影响。 AMF 引入越早，这种耐受性越强，即使在 PCN 之后引入 AMF，这种耐受性也能维持。总体而言，我们表明，作物出苗和生长的最初几周可能反映了一个机会窗口，其中作物的繁荣及其对寄生虫的耐受性可能会受到 AMF 繁殖体的协调应用的影响。此外，这些时间会影响地下植物寄生虫的成功，这些寄生虫可以持续存在并影响农作物数年。
Many crop species play host to a diverse range of soil-borne symbionts ranging from parasitic, such as potato cyst nematodes (PCN), to mutualistic, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Each of these organisms may establish symbiosis with the host prior to the arrival of another which may impact the fitness of all parties involved. We simulated a range of arrival time scenarios for both AMF and PCN and determined their conse-quences on potato host plants and subsequent symbionts to reflect the likely complexity of symbioses that occur in the field. Simulations were focussed on the first few weeks of plant growth to identify the importance of symbiont interactions during early plant development. Our data indicate that the order in which symbionts are introduced to crop roots is not only important for their own success, but also for that of the host and its additional symbionts. The presence of AMF increased the PCN population on the host, with earlier introduction of AMF increasing the magnitude of the effect. However, presence of AMF also increased the potato's tolerance to PCN, ameliorating the negative effects of the increased PCN burden. This tolerance was stronger the earlier the AMF were introduced and was sustained even when AMF were introduced after PCN. Overall, we show that the initial few weeks of crop emergence and growth may reflect a window of opportunity where the prosperity of the crop and its tolerance of parasites can potentially be influenced by coordinating application of AMF propagules. Additionally, these timings impact the success of below-ground plant parasites that can persist and impact crops for several years.