Neurobiology of axonal transport defects in motor neuron diseases: Opportunities for translational research?

Neurobiology of axonal transport defects in motor neuron diseases: Opportunities for translational research?
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DOI:
10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.004
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发表时间:
2017-09
影响因子:
6.1
通讯作者:
Hafezparast M
Hafezparast M
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
De Vos KJ;Hafezparast M

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货物的细胞内运输是维持所有哺乳动物细胞类型的结构和功能的重要过程,但特别是神经元,因为它们的极端轴突/树突极化。轴突运输介导大多在细胞体中合成的货物(例如蛋白质、mRNA、脂质、膜结合囊泡和细胞器)的运动,并且在这样做时负责它们在轴突中的正确时空分布,例如在专门的位点,例如朗维尔节点和突触末端。此外,轴突运输维持细胞体和突触末梢之间的基本长距离通信,其允许神经元通过例如信号传导内体的运输对其周围环境作出反应。轴突运输缺陷是多种神经退行性疾病中的常见观察结果,并且轴突运输机制的组分中的突变已经明确显示受损的轴突运输可以引起神经退行性疾病(综述于El-Kadi et al.,2007年,De Vos等人,2008年; Millecamps和Julien,2013年)。在这里,我们回顾了我们目前的理解轴突运输缺陷和他们在运动神经元疾病(MND)中发挥的作用,特别关注最常见的形式MND,肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)。
Intracellular trafficking of cargoes is an essential process to maintain the structure and function of all mammalian cell types, but especially of neurons because of their extreme axon/dendrite polarisation. Axonal transport mediates the movement of cargoes such as proteins, mRNA, lipids, membrane-bound vesicles and organelles that are mostly synthesised in the cell body and in doing so is responsible for their correct spatiotemporal distribution in the axon, for example at specialised sites such as nodes of Ranvier and synaptic terminals. In addition, axonal transport maintains the essential long-distance communication between the cell body and synaptic terminals that allows neurons to react to their surroundings via trafficking of for example signalling endosomes. Axonal transport defects are a common observation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, and mutations in components of the axonal transport machinery have unequivocally shown that impaired axonal transport can cause neurodegeneration (reviewed in El-Kadi et al., 2007, De Vos et al., 2008; Millecamps and Julien, 2013). Here we review our current understanding of axonal transport defects and the role they play in motor neuron diseases (MNDs) with a specific focus on the most common form of MND, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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