Remote community electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia
Remote community electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.renene.2010.01.005
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发表时间：
2010-07
期刊：
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
M. Anyi;B. Kirke;Sam A. M. Ali
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Anyi;B. Kirke;Sam A. M. Ali
即使高压线经过村庄，向偏远的小社区提供干线电力通常也是不经济的。地方当局通常使用柴油发电机，这需要昂贵的燃料，而燃料很难运到偏远地区。此外，它们噪音大，需要频繁维护，而在偏远地区，由于资源和专业知识有限，这一点往往被忽视。在潮湿的热带地区，风和太阳都不能提供可靠的电力，那里有很多静止和阴天。人们发现，塔会吸引雷击，雷击会破坏电子控制装置，太阳能电池板上会长出真菌，光伏阵列上的多个电气连接在炎热潮湿的气候中会被腐蚀。微型水力发电是山区的一个有吸引力的选择，已经利用乡村劳动力以及剩余和废弃的材料建造了一座30千瓦的高水头发电厂和一座3千瓦的低水头发电厂。两者的运作都令人满意。然而，传统的微型水电是不可能在平坦的国家，那里几乎没有海拔，现在的工作正在进行中，以评估合适的水力涡轮机在潮湿的热带河流。世界各地的许多公司现在都在开发水力涡轮机，以收集潮汐和河流流量，但大多数设计的一个主要问题是被漂浮的碎片堵塞，特别是在热带河流中。
It is usually uneconomic to provide mains power to small remote communities even when high voltage lines pass by a village. Local authorities normally resort to diesel-powered generators which require expensive fuel which is difficult to bring into remote areas. Furthermore they are noisy and require frequent maintenance which is often neglected in remote areas due to limited resources and know-how. Neither wind nor sun provides reliable power in humid tropical regions where there is a lot of still and overcast weather. Towers are found to attract lightning strikes which can destroy electronic controls, fungus grows on solar panels, and the multiple electrical connections on photovoltaic arrays corrode away in hot, humid climates. Micro hydro is an attractive option in mountainous areas, and a 30kW high head and a 3kW low head plant have been built, using village labour and surplus and discarded materials. Both are operating satisfactorily. However conventional micro hydro is not possible in flat country where there is little elevation, and work is now in progress to evaluate suitable hydrokinetic turbines on rivers in the humid tropics. Numerous companies around the world are now developing hydrokinetic turbines to harvest tidal and river flows, but a major problem with most designs is clogging by floating debris, especially in tropical rivers.