Anthropogenic Soils and Tree Distributions in a Lowland Forest in Bolivia
Anthropogenic Soils and Tree Distributions in a Lowland Forest in Bolivia
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玻利维亚低地森林的人为土壤和树木分布
DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00521.x
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
F. Putz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clea Paz‐Rivera;F. Putz
在玻利维亚一个季节性干旱的低地热带森林中，对17种具有种子或果实的树种的分布进行了研究。确定了两种类型的人为暗土（ADE）：terra preta（TP：木炭碎片和丰富的陶器碎片变暗）和terra mulata（TM：有点暗，但很少或没有陶器）。在216公顷的土地上，我们比较了9个TP斑块、3个TM斑块和6个非人为土壤（N-ADE）区域中大于10cm dbh的有用物种的树木密度。 TP，其中覆盖约20%的样品面积，具有较高的有机质，可提取的P，可提取的Ca比N-ADE土壤，以及较高的pH值和可提取的P比TM。TM的有机质和钙含量与N-ADE土壤相似，但可提取的钾明显较少。一般来说，TP的养分含量高于周围的土壤，无论是在表面（0-10厘米）和更深的剖面（40-50厘米）。 尽管这些差异在土壤肥力和相反，我们的预期，没有17个树种集中在TP也许是因为当地的传播媒介和自然干扰之间的相互作用掩盖了历史模式。或者，过去的居民的研究区域可能有丰富的森林与有用的树种，在他们没有实行密集的土壤耕作，导致ADE的地区。
The distributions of 17 tree species with seeds or fruits that are commonly eaten or otherwise used by humans were studied in reference to anthropogenic soils in a seasonally dry lowland tropical forest in Bolivia. Two types of anthropogenic dark earths (ADEs) were identified: terra preta (TP: darkened with charcoal fragments and with abundant pottery shards) and terra mulata (TM: somewhat darkened but with little or no pottery). In 216 ha, we compared the densities of trees >10 cm dbh of useful species in nine TP patches, three TM patches, and six areas with nonanthropogenic soils (N‐ADE). The TP, which covers approximately 20 percent of the sample area, has higher contents of organic matter, extractable P, and extractable Ca than N‐ADE soils, as well as higher pH and extractable P than TM. TM has organic matter and Ca contents similar to N‐ADE soils but significantly less extractable K. In general, TP has higher nutrient content than surrounding soils, both at the surface (0–10 cm) and deeper in the profile (40–50 cm). Despite these differences in soil fertility and contrary to our expectations, none of the 17 tree species were concentrated on TP perhaps because interactions between local dispersal agents and natural disturbances have masked historical patterns. Alternatively, past inhabitants of the study area may have enriched forests with useful tree species in areas where they were not practicing the intensive soil husbandry that results in ADEs.