Shape of Electrodes for High Performance of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion
Shape of Electrodes for High Performance of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion
复制标题
高性能惯性静电约束聚变的电极形状
DOI：
10.1080/18811248.2005.9726407
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Naoki Wakizaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Ohnishi;H. Osawa;R. Tanaka;Naoki Wakizaka
惯性静电约束（IEC）聚变是通过辉光放电在同心球内的阳极和空心阴极之间产生氘、氚和氦3离子，将离子加速到球心，引起加速离子之间或加速离子与背景中性子之间的聚变反应的方案。电流馈通通过阳极连接到阴极，以便施加负高电势。一些加速离子直接轰击馈通和阴极，并且其轨道因缺乏对称性而变形的离子在穿过阴极几次反弹运动后撞击阴极。馈通的存在打破了装置的球对称性并缩短了加速离子的寿命。空心阴极也会扭曲其附近的球形电势。首先，通过数值跟踪离子在三维空间中的轨迹，研究了球形空心阴极结构在离子不同诞生位置对寿命的影响。其次，研究了阴极和阳极的形状对寿命的影响。检查确保更长寿命的阴极和阳极的形状，并从离子随时间的减少以数字方式导出阴极的虚拟透明度。据透露，通过将被馈通刺穿的阳极的半球变形为半椭球体，加速离子的寿命变得长三倍。该结果可用于设计阳极和阴极以实现 IEC 聚变中子源的高性能。
Inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion is a scheme of producing deuterium, tritium, and helium-3 ions between the anode and the hollow cathode in the concentric sphere by glow discharge, accelerating the ions into the spherical center and giving rise to the fusion reactions between the accelerated ions or between the accelerated ions and the background neutrals. The current feed-through is connected to the cathode through the anode in order to apply the negative high potential. Some of accelerated ions directly bombard the feed-through as well as the cathode, and the ions, the orbits of which are deformed by lack of symmetry, hit the cathode after several bounce motions through it. The existence of the feed-through breaks the spherical symmetry of the device and shortens the lifetime of the accelerated ions. The hollow cathode also distorts a spherical potential near it. First, the effects of the structure of the spherical hollow cathode on the life are studied at various birth positions of the ions by numerically tracking the trajectory of ions in three dimensional spaces. Second, the effects of the shapes of the cathode and the anode on the life are investigated. The shapes of the cathode and the anode that assure a longer life are examined, and the virtual transparency of the cathode is numerically derived from the time dependent reduction of ions. It is revealed that the lifetime of accelerated ions becomes three times longer by deforming a hemisphere of the anode pierced by the feed-through into a hemi-ellipsoid. The results are useful in designing an anode and cathode to achieve high performance of an IEC fusion neutron source.