Landscapes of facilitation: how self-organized patchiness of aquatic macrophytes promotes diversity in streams
Landscapes of facilitation: how self-organized patchiness of aquatic macrophytes promotes diversity in streams
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.2177
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Bouma, Tjeerd J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cornacchia, Loreta;van de Koppel, Johan;Bouma, Tjeerd J.
空间异质性在物种共存中发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管认识到的重要性，自组织在创造环境异质性，否则统一的景观，这种自组织模式的形成，促进共存，通过便利化的影响仍然是未知的。在这项研究中，我们调查了格局形成的影响，物种之间的相互作用和社区的空间结构在生态系统中有限的潜在环境异质性，自组织斑块的水生植物扁果水马陆在流作为一个模型系统。我们的理论模型预测，水生植被的格局形成-由于植物生长，水流和沉积过程之间的反馈相互作用-可以促进物种共存，通过创造异质流动条件内和周围的植物斑块。我们的模型预测的空间植物格局同意在自然植被的河流，在那里我们发现了一个显着的空间聚集的两个大型植物物种周围C.扁果的到达尺度的实地观察。田间移植试验表明，大果锦鸡儿对两种受益树种的生长都有积极的促进作用，这种促进作用的强度与大果锦鸡儿斑块内部和周围的异质水动力条件有关。我们的研究结果强调了自组织斑块在促进物种共存的重要性，通过创造一个景观的便利化，新的生态位和促进作用出现在不同的位置。因此，理解竞争和促进之间的相互作用对于成功管理许多生态系统中的生物多样性至关重要。
Spatial heterogeneity plays a crucial role in the coexistence of species. Despite recognition of the importance of self-organization in creating environmental heterogeneity in otherwise uniform landscapes, the effects of such self-organized pattern formation in promoting coexistence through facilitation are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of pattern formation on species interactions and community spatial structure in ecosystems with limited underlying environmental heterogeneity, using self-organized patchiness of the aquatic macrophyte Callitriche platycarpa in streams as a model system. Our theoretical model predicted that pattern formation in aquatic vegetation - due to feedback interactions between plant growth, water flow and sedimentation processes - could promote species coexistence, by creating heterogeneous flow conditions inside and around the plant patches. The spatial plant patterns predicted by our model agreed with field observations at the reach scale in naturally vegetated rivers, where we found a significant spatial aggregation of two macrophyte species around C.platycarpa. Field transplantation experiments showed that C.platycarpa had a positive effect on the growth of both beneficiary species, and the intensity of this facilitative effect was correlated with the heterogeneous hydrodynamic conditions created within and around C.platycarpa patches. Our results emphasize the importance of self-organized patchiness in promoting species coexistence by creating a landscape of facilitation, where new niches and facilitative effects arise in different locations. Understanding the interplay between competition and facilitation is therefore essential for successful management of biodiversity in many ecosystems.