Behavioural studies in humans: anxiety, stress and smoking.

Behavioural studies in humans: anxiety, stress and smoking.
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人类行为研究:焦虑、压力和吸烟。

DOI:
10.1002/9780470513965.ch13
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发表时间:
1990
期刊:
Ciba Foundation symposium
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Pomerleau,CS
Pomerleau,CS
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pomerleau,OF;Pomerleau,CS

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参考文献

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许多观察家报告说,吸烟者在压力大的情况下吸烟更多。最常见的解释是尼古丁减少了焦虑,这是一个干预变量,被认为是吸烟行为的负面影响因素。然而,吸烟引起焦虑减少的条件尚未得到很好的定义,其潜在机制也未得到很好的理解。有几种可能的解释,包括Schachter基于压力诱导的尿pH值变化的理论和内源性阿片类药物参与的假设。柯林斯和他的同事在动物身上的工作表明,皮质类固醇对尼古丁的反应性的遗传变异与对尼古丁敏感性的差异有关。我们实验室的研究已经扩展到人类柯林斯的发现,即对尼古丁的敏感性与皮质类固醇活性呈负相关。我们还发现,心理压力和吸烟的结合对人体皮质醇的释放产生了叠加效应。这些研究结果表明,一种新的方式来解释吸烟和压力之间的相互作用,在增加尼古丁的摄入量的背景下,压力可能在一定程度上反映了行为补偿减少尼古丁的敏感性时,皮质类固醇活性增强的压力。
Numerous observers have reported that smokers smoke more under stressful conditions. The most frequent explanation is that nicotine reduces anxiety, an intervening variable identified as a negative reinforcer for smoking behaviour. The conditions under which anxiety reduction occurs in response to smoking, however, have not been well defined, nor are underlying mechanisms well understood. There are several possible explanations, including Schachter's theory based on stress‐induced changes in urinary pH and the hypothesis of endogenous opioid involvement. The work of Collins and his associates in animals has shown that genetic variations in corticosteroid responsiveness to nicotine are associated with differences in sensitivity to nicotine. Research in our laboratory has extended to humans Collins' findings that sensitivity to nicotine is inversely related to corticosteroid activity. We also found that the combination of a psychological stressor and smoking produced additive effects on cortisol release in humans. These findings suggest a novel way of explaining the interaction between smoking and stress, in that increased nicotine intake in the context of stress may in part reflect behavioural compensation for diminished sensitivity to nicotine when corticosteroid activity is enhanced by the stressor.
吸烟的心理和药理学决定因素相互作用的研究。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1977
期刊: Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子: --
作者:
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肾上腺皮质激素对小鼠尼古丁敏感性的调节
DOI: --
发表时间: 1988
影响因子: 2.9
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皮质醇对心理压力源和/或尼古丁的反应
DOI: --
发表时间: 1990
期刊: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior
影响因子: --
作者:
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纳洛酮对吸烟的影响。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1988
期刊: Journal of Substance Abuse
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