Behavioural studies in humans: anxiety, stress and smoking.
Behavioural studies in humans: anxiety, stress and smoking.
复制标题
人类行为研究:焦虑、压力和吸烟。
DOI:
10.1002/9780470513965.ch13
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发表时间:
1990
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Pomerleau,CS
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pomerleau,OF;Pomerleau,CS
Numerous observers have reported that smokers smoke more under stressful conditions. The most frequent explanation is that nicotine reduces anxiety, an intervening variable identified as a negative reinforcer for smoking behaviour. The conditions under which anxiety reduction occurs in response to smoking, however, have not been well defined, nor are underlying mechanisms well understood. There are several possible explanations, including Schachter's theory based on stress‐induced changes in urinary pH and the hypothesis of endogenous opioid involvement. The work of Collins and his associates in animals has shown that genetic variations in corticosteroid responsiveness to nicotine are associated with differences in sensitivity to nicotine. Research in our laboratory has extended to humans Collins' findings that sensitivity to nicotine is inversely related to corticosteroid activity. We also found that the combination of a psychological stressor and smoking produced additive effects on cortisol release in humans. These findings suggest a novel way of explaining the interaction between smoking and stress, in that increased nicotine intake in the context of stress may in part reflect behavioural compensation for diminished sensitivity to nicotine when corticosteroid activity is enhanced by the stressor.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
1977
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子:
--
作者:
S. Schachter;B. Silverstein;L. Kozlowski;D. Perlick;C. Herman;B. Liebling
通讯作者:
B. Liebling
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1987
期刊:
Life Science
影响因子:
--
作者:
A. Copland;D. Balfour
通讯作者:
D. Balfour
影响因子:
2.9
作者:
J. Pauly;E. A. Ullman;A. C. Collins
通讯作者:
A. C. Collins
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1990
期刊:
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior
影响因子:
--
作者:
O. Pomerleau;C. Pomerleau
通讯作者:
C. Pomerleau
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1988
期刊:
Journal of Substance Abuse
影响因子:
--
作者:
D. Gorelick;J. Rose;M. Jarvik
通讯作者:
M. Jarvik