Political Machines at Work: Voter Mobilization and Electoral Subversion in the Workplace
Political Machines at Work: Voter Mobilization and Electoral Subversion in the Workplace
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工作中的政治机器：工作场所的选民动员和选举颠覆
DOI：
10.1017/s004388711400001x
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
David Szakonyi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Timothy Frye;O. J. Reuter;David Szakonyi
作者探讨了现代独裁者如何通过诱导雇主动员其雇员投票给政权从而颠覆选举过程来赢得选举。使用2011年俄罗斯议会选举前后对雇主和工人进行的两项原始调查，他们发现，略低于四分之一的雇主参与了某种形式的政治动员。然后，他们制定一个简单的框架，以确定哪些公司从事选民动员，哪些工人是动员的目标。容易受到国家压力的公司-财政依赖的公司和以资产不流动为特征的行业的公司-是最常见的基于工作场所的选举颠覆地点。作者还发现，特别依赖雇主的工人更有可能成为动员的目标。通过确定在威权政权中工作场所动员发生的条件，作者为关于民主化经济基础的长期辩论做出了贡献。此外，他们还探索了一种在当代独裁政体中颠覆选举的未被研究的方法：使用经济胁迫来动员选民。此外，他们的研究发现，在没有根深蒂固的政党的情况下，在工业环境中，客户交流可以蓬勃发展。
The authors explore how modern autocrats win elections by inducing employers to mobilize their employees to vote for the regime and thereby subvert the electoral process. Using two original surveys of employers and workers conducted around the 2011 parliamentary elections in Russia, they find that just under one-quarter of employers engaged in some form of political mobilization. They then develop a simple framework for identifying which firms engage in voter mobilization and which workers are targeted for mobilization. Firms that are vulnerable to state pressure—financially dependent firms and those in sectors characterized by asset immobility—are among the most common sites of workplace-based electoral subversion. The authors also find that workers who are especially dependent on their employer are more likely to be targeted for mobilization. By identifying the conditions under which workplace mobilization occurs in authoritarian regimes, the authors contribute to the long-standing debate about the economic bases of democratization. In addition, they explore an understudied means of subverting elections in contemporary autocracies: the use of economic coercion to mobilize voters. Moreover, their research finds that clientelist exchange can thrive in industrial settings and in the absence of deeply embedded political parties.