THE SELF AND RECOLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE
THE SELF AND RECOLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE
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DOI：
10.1002/acp.2350090102
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发表时间：
1995-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
DEWHURST, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CONWAY, MA;DEWHURST, SA
三个实验研究了编码时的自我参照增加再认记忆中回忆性经验的概率这一假设。在所有三个实验中，不同的受试者小组研究了命名人格特征的单词。一组判断自我相关的特质，其他组进行定向任务的自我参考低。在再认测试中，受试者首先识别旧项目，然后指出哪些项目伴随着回忆经验（“记住”反应），哪些项目是在其他基础上识别的（“知道”反应）。自我指涉和语义编码任务之间的整体识别性能没有可靠的差异。然而，受试者谁编码的特质形容词与参考自我产生可靠的更多的记忆反应和一些知道的反应比受试者谁编码的项目在低自我指涉的任务。实验1证明了自我参考效应的识别伴随着回忆的经验后，1小时的保留间隔，而实验2发现这种效果持续超过24小时的保留间隔。实验三表明，这种自我参照效应是在偶然和有意学习条件下获得的。总之，这些研究结果表明，自我参考的重要性，在确定的可能性，承认的判断将伴随着回忆的经验作为一个因素。
Three experiments investigated the hypothesis that self-reference at encoding increases the probability of recollective experience in recognition memory. In all three experiments separate groups of subjects studied words naming personality traits. One group judged the self-relevance of the traits, the other groups performed orientating tasks low in self-reference. In a recognition test subjects first identified old items and then indicated which of these were accompanied by recollective experience ('remember' responses) and which were recognized on some other basis ('know' responses). No reliable differences in overall recognition performance between seif-referent and semantic encoding tasks were observed. However, subjects who encoded trait adjectives with reference to the self produced reliably more remember responses and few know responses than subjects who had encoded the items in the low self-referent tasks. Experiment 1 demonstrated a self-reference effect in recognition accompanied by recollective experience after 1-hour retention interval, while Experiment 2 found this effect to persist over a 24-hour retention interval. Experiment 3 demonstrated that this self-reference effect is obtained under incidental as well as under intentional learning conditions. Taken together these findings demonstrate the importance of self-reference as a factor in determining the likelihood that recognition judgements will be accompanied by recollective experience.