Vegetarian Diets: Planetary Health and Its Alignment with Human Health
Vegetarian Diets: Planetary Health and Its Alignment with Human Health
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DOI：
10.1093/advances/nmz019
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Sabate, Joan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fresan, Ujue;Sabate, Joan
为了保持地球的健康，人类活动必须将地球资源的使用限制在有限的范围内，并避免环境退化。目前，粮食系统占用了大量自然资源，并在很大程度上造成气候变化、土地退化、水资源使用和其他影响，而这些影响又通过粮食不安全威胁到人类健康。此外，目前的饮食模式，富含动物产品和过量的热量，对人口和地球的健康都是有害的。为了解决饮食-环境-健康三难困境，必须改变人口一级的饮食。据报道，素食是健康的选择。大多数植物性食品的资源密集程度和对环境的负担都低于动物性食品，特别是反刍动物的肉类和乳制品。这篇评论文章同时探讨了素食的环境可持续性及其与人们健康的一致性。一般来说，从杂食到蛋乳素食和纯素饮食的发展与环境可持续性的提高有关。纯素食和蛋奶素食饮食导致的温室气体排放量分别比目前大多数杂食饮食低50%和35%，并相应减少自然资源的使用。从目前的饮食模式转向可持续的素食饮食，可以获得相应的健康益处。因此，素食似乎对健康和环境产生了影响。虽然这表明素食在高收入国家对人类健康和环境可持续性的好处，但在其他情况下的挑战以及促进无肉饮食成为社会规范的政治意愿方面仍然存在问题。
To maintain planetary health, human activities must limit the use of Earth's resources within finite boundaries and avoid environmental degradation. At present, food systems account for a substantial use of natural resources and contribute considerably to climate change, degradation of land, water use, and other impacts, which in turn threaten human health through food insecurity. Additionally, current dietary patterns, rich in animal products and excessive in calories, are detrimental to both population and planetary health. In order to resolve the diet-environment-health trilemma, population-level dietary changes are essential. Vegetarian diets are reported to be healthy options. Most plant-sourced foods are less resource intense and taxing on the environment than the production of animal-derived foods, particularly meat and dairy from ruminants. This review article explores simultaneously the environmental sustainability of vegetarian diets, and its alignment with people's health. In general, the progression from omnivorous to ovolactovegetarian and vegan diets is associated with increased environmental sustainability. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from vegan and ovolactovegetarian diets are similar to 50% and similar to 35% lower, respectively, than most current omnivore diets, and with corresponding reductions in the use of natural resources. Concomitant health benefits could be obtained by shifting from current dietary patterns to sustainable vegetarian diets. Thus, there seems to be an alignment of health and environmental outcomes for vegetarian diets. Although this shows the human health and environmental sustainability benefits of vegetarian diets in high-income countries, questions remain about the challenges in other contexts and the political will to promote meat-free diets as the social norm.