Export of nutrients from the Arctic Ocean

Export of nutrients from the Arctic Ocean
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北冰洋营养物质输出

DOI:
10.1002/jgrc.20063
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Torres-Valdés S
Torres-Valdés S
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Torres-Valdés S

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这项研究提供了北冰洋溶解无机营养盐(硝酸盐,磷酸盐和硅酸盐)的第一个基于物理的质量平衡运输估计。使用逆模型生成的速度场结合水文和水化学数据的准天气组合,我们量化了北冰洋主要门户的营养盐输送:戴维斯海峡,弗拉姆海峡,巴伦支海开口(BSO)和白令海峡。我们发现,所有三种营养物质的主要出口发生通过戴维斯海峡。与东格陵兰海流有关的运输几乎与西斯匹次卑尔根海流有关的运输平衡。北极最重要的硝酸盐和磷酸盐进口是通过BSO,最重要的硅酸盐进口是通过白令海峡。海洋预算表明,统计上稳健的净硅酸盐和磷酸盐出口存在,而净硝酸盐通量为零,在不确定性范围内。北冰洋是向北大西洋输出硅酸盐(−15.7 ± 3.2 kmol s−1)和磷酸盐(−1.0 ± 0.3 kmol s−1;净± 1标准误差)的净输出区。从北极输出的过量磷酸盐(相对于硝酸盐),计算为-1.1 ± 0.3 kmol s-1,几乎是以前估计的两倍。北冰洋硅酸盐和磷酸盐的净输送量分别占北大西洋47°N净向南通量的12%和90%。探讨了可能抵消营养失衡的营养物质的其他来源,并讨论了营养物质输送到北大西洋的相关性和途径。
This study provides the first physically based mass‐balanced transport estimates of dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) for the Arctic Ocean. Using an inverse model‐generated velocity field in combination with a quasi‐synoptic assemblage of hydrographic and hydrochemical data, we quantify nutrient transports across the main Arctic Ocean gateways: Davis Strait, Fram Strait, the Barents Sea Opening (BSO), and Bering Strait. We found that the major exports of all three nutrients occur via Davis Strait. Transports associated with the East Greenland Current are almost balanced by transports associated with the West Spitsbergen Current. The most important imports of nitrate and phosphate to the Arctic occur via the BSO, and the most important import of silicate occurs via Bering Strait. Oceanic budgets show that statistically robust net silicate and phosphate exports exist, while the net nitrate flux is zero, within the uncertainty limits. The Arctic Ocean is a net exporter of silicate (−15.7 ± 3.2 kmol s−1) and phosphate (−1.0 ± 0.3 kmol s−1; net ± 1 standard error) to the North Atlantic. The export of excess phosphate (relative to nitrate) from the Arctic, calculated at −1.1 ± 0.3 kmol s−1, is almost twice as large as previously estimated. Net transports of silicate and phosphate from the Arctic Ocean provide 12% and 90%, respectively, of the net southward fluxes estimated at 47°N in the North Atlantic. Additional sources of nutrients that may offset nutrient imbalances are explored, and the relevance and the pathway of nutrient transports to the North Atlantic are discussed.
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