Plant community development is affected by nutrients and soil biota
Plant community development is affected by nutrients and soil biota
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00924.x
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发表时间：
2004-10-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Van der Putten, WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Deyn, GB;Raaijmakers, CE;Van der Putten, WH
1植物群落的发展在很大程度上取决于土壤养分的有效性，但最近的研究强调了共生、食草和致病土壤生物群的作用。我们通过研究不同演替阶段典型草地植物物种更替的影响，检验了这些生物和非生物因素之间的相互作用。2.在演替中期的草地土壤中种植了代表草地群落次生演替的早期、中期和目标阶段的植物2种。混合植物群落生长在灭菌和未灭菌的土壤中，分三个养分供应水平。测定了不同植物的地上部分生物量和总根部生物量，以及线虫和微型节肢动物群落的组成和土壤分解速率。3养分供应对植物群落组成的影响取决于土壤消毒。在灭菌土壤中，植物群落最初以草为主，即使不施肥，草的优势也增加了。在未灭菌土壤中，除高施肥量外，植物群落更加多样化，牧草优势度随着时间的推移而降低。施肥提高了灭菌土壤中植物群落的生产力，并在更大程度上提高了非灭菌土壤中的生产力。4食根线虫的丰度与根生物量的增加呈正相关，表明自下而上的控制很强。营养供应水平的增加与杂食性线虫丰度的减少有关，这种减少的原因尚不清楚。土壤肥力的增加改变了土壤线虫群落的功能多样性，从长远来看，这也可能影响线虫对植物群落的反馈效应。5增加养分供应降低了未灭菌土壤中的土壤分解活性，但在灭菌土壤中没有。因此，将土壤生物群对植物物种相互作用的影响纳入演替、物种多样性和恢复的研究中，可能会大大增加我们对所观察到的植物群落格局的理解。
1 Plant community development depends to a great extent on the availability of soil nutrients, but recent studies underline the role of symbiotic, herbivorous and pathogenic soil biota. We tested for interactions between these biotic and abiotic factors by studying the effects of additional nutrients and the removal of soil biota on the replacement of grassland plant species typical of different successional stages.2 Species representing each of the early, mid and target phases of secondary succession in a grassland community (four per phase) were grown in mid-successional grassland soil. The mixed plant communities were grown in sterilized and non-sterilized soil, at three nutrient supply levels. The distribution of shoot biomass over the different plant species, and the total root biomass, were determined, as well as the composition of nematode and microarthropod communities and soil decomposition rates.3 The effect of nutrient supply on plant community composition depended on soil sterilization. In sterilized soil, the plant community was initially dominated by grasses that increased in dominance even without fertilization. In non-sterilized soil, the plant community was more diverse and grass dominance decreased over time, except with high fertilization. Fertilization enhanced the productivity of the plant community in sterilized and, to a greater extent, in non-sterilized soil.4 The abundance of root-feeding nematodes was positively related to increased root biomass, pointing to a strong bottom-up control. Increased levels of nutrient supply were associated with reduced abundance of omnivorous nematodes, the cause of this reduction being less clear. Increased soil fertility altered the functional diversity of the soil nematode community, which might, in the longer term, also affect their feedback effects on the plant community.5 Increased nutrient supply reduced soil decomposition activity in the non-sterilized soil, but not in the sterilized soil.6 Our results imply that soil biota may reduce the effects of nutrient supply on plant dominance. Incorporating the effects of soil biota on plant species interactions into studies on succession, plant species diversity and restoration may therefore considerably increase our understanding of the observed plant community patterns.