The development of sex differences in the nervous system and behavior of flies, worms, and rodents
The development of sex differences in the nervous system and behavior of flies, worms, and rodents
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苍蝇、蠕虫和啮齿动物的神经系统和行为中性别差异的发展
DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.010
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Shirangi, Troy R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meeh, Kristen L.;Rickel, Clare T.;Sansano, Alexander J.;Shirangi, Troy R.
长期以来，生物学家一直着迷于了解动物先天行为中的性别差异是如何产生的。一般来说，行为中潜在的性别差异是由性别特异性激素或调节蛋白的发育作用建立起来的，这些激素或调节蛋白指导神经系统的性别分化。在过去的十年中，对几种动物系统的研究揭示了离散性二态行为背后的神经回路机制。此外，某些激素和调节蛋白如何实现这些神经回路的性别分化已经得到了非常详细的阐明。在这里，我们通过三个案例研究来讨论其中的一些机制——果蝇的配偶识别、蠕虫的成熟交配行为和幼年啮齿动物的打斗行为。这些研究阐明了在神经解剖学和行为中建立性别差异的一般和独特的发育机制，并强调了该领域未来的挑战。
Understanding how sex differences in innate animal behaviors arise has long fascinated biologists. As a general rule, the potential for sex differences in behavior is built by the developmental actions of sex-specific hormones or regulatory proteins that direct the sexual differentiation of the nervous system. In the last decade, studies in several animal systems have uncovered neural circuit mechanisms underlying discrete sexually dimorphic behaviors. Moreover, how certain hormones and regulatory proteins implement the sexual differentiation of these neural circuits has been illuminated in tremendous detail. Here, we discuss some of these mechanisms with three case-studies—mate recognition in flies, maturation of mating behavior in worms, and play-fighting behavior in young rodents. These studies illustrate general and unique developmental mechanisms to establish sex differences in neuroanatomy and behavior and highlight future challenges for the field.