Preventing the Stress-Induced Shift from Goal-Directed to Habit Action with a β-Adrenergic Antagonist
Preventing the Stress-Induced Shift from Goal-Directed to Habit Action with a β-Adrenergic Antagonist
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3304-11.2011
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发表时间：
2011-11-23
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Wolf, Oliver T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwabe, Lars;Hoeffken, Oliver;Wolf, Oliver T.
压力调节工具性行为，有利于习惯性过程，习惯性过程编码反应和先前刺激之间的联系，而牺牲了目标导向性过程，目标导向性过程学习行为和结果的动机价值之间的联系。在这里，我们问这种压力引起的转变，从目标导向的习惯行动是依赖于去甲肾上腺素能激活，因此可能被阻断的β-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂。为了达到这个目的，健康的男性和女性在接受压力或控制程序之前，被给予安慰剂或β-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂普萘洛尔。在压力或控制程序后不久，参与者接受了两种工具性行为的训练，这两种行为导致了两种不同的食物结果。训练结束后，其中一种食物被选择性地贬低，让参与者吃饱。随后的消退测试表明工具性行为是目标导向的还是习惯性的。正如预期的那样，安慰剂后的压力使参与者的行为对结果价值的变化不敏感，从而形成习惯。然而，服用心得安后，压力参与者的行为与对照组相同，目标导向，这表明心得安阻断了压力诱导的习惯行为偏差。我们的研究结果表明，从目标导向到习惯性控制的工具性行动的压力下，需要去甲肾上腺素能激活，并可能有重要的临床意义，特别是成瘾性疾病。
Stress modulates instrumental action in favor of habit processes that encode the association between a response and preceding stimuli and at the expense of goal-directed processes that learn the association between an action and the motivational value of the outcome. Here, we asked whether this stress-induced shift from goal-directed to habit action is dependent on noradrenergic activation and may therefore be blocked by a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. To this end, healthy men and women were administered a placebo or the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol before they underwent a stress or a control procedure. Shortly after the stress or control procedure, participants were trained in two instrumental actions that led to two distinct food outcomes. After training, one of the food outcomes was selectively devalued by feeding participants to satiety with that food. A subsequent extinction test indicated whether instrumental behavior was goal-directed or habitual. As expected, stress after placebo rendered participants' behavior insensitive to the change in the value of the outcome and thus habitual. After propranolol intake, however, stressed participants behaved, same as controls, goal-directed, suggesting that propranolol blocked the stress-induced bias toward habit behavior. Our findings show that the shift from goal-directed to habitual control of instrumental action under stress necessitates noradrenergic activation and could have important clinical implications, particularly for addictive disorders.