The impact of food intake and exercise on energy expenditure.
The impact of food intake and exercise on energy expenditure.
复制标题
食物摄入和运动对能量消耗的影响。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1753-4887.1989.tb02817.x
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Horton,ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Poehlman,ET;Horton,ES
食物摄入和体育锻炼影响能量消耗的两个组成部分：静息代谢率（RMR）和摄食热效应（TEF）。关于进食过量和进食不足的经典研究清楚地表明，热量不足和过量的情况会改变RMR。最近对同卵双胞胎短期过度喂养的研究提供了新的证据，表明当存在热量过剩时，遗传因素会影响个体对RMR和TEF变化的敏感性。运动影响非活动时间的能量消耗；剧烈运动的急性发作可能导致RMR增加，这种影响在运动后的前12小时表现得最为明显。急性运动可能会增强食物的热效应，高水平的运动训练可能会增加RMR。因此，体育锻炼通过其直接能量成本及其对RMR和TEF的影响，在调节能量平衡中发挥了重要作用。
Food intake and physical exercise affect two components of energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF). Classic studies of overfeeding and underfeeding clearly showed that caloric deficit and surfeit conditions alter RMR. Recent work on short-term overfeeding of monozygotic twins provides new evidence that genetic factors influence individual sensitivity to changes in RMR and TEF when caloric excess is present. Exercise affects energy expenditure during nonactive times; acute bouts of vigorous exercise may result in increased RMR, and this effect appears most pronounced in the first 12 h after exercise. Acute exercise may potentiate the thermic effects of food when they are taken together, and high levels of exercise training may increase RMR. Thus, physical exercise appears to play an important role in the regulation of energy balance by way of its direct energy cost and its influence on RMR and TEF.