Evaluation of the economic and environmental impact of converting cropland to forest: a case study in Dunhua county, China.
Evaluation of the economic and environmental impact of converting cropland to forest: a case study in Dunhua county, China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.04.025
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发表时间：
2007-11
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Chunliu Wang;H. Ouyang;V. Maclaren;Y. Yin;B. Shao;Alana Boland;Yanlin Tian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chunliu Wang;H. Ouyang;V. Maclaren;Y. Yin;B. Shao;Alana Boland;Yanlin Tian
退耕还林工程（又称“退耕还林”或退耕还林工程）是中国最雄心勃勃的环保举措之一，也是世界上最大的土地保护计划之一，预算达 3370 亿元人民币（超过 400 亿美元）。尽管环境影响在人工林的一般推理和论证中发挥着至关重要的作用，但在人工林项目规划中，环境影响分析往往不如经济分析受到重视。本文的总体目标是基于敦化县入户和实地调查数据，在考虑农民利益和不同情景下固碳带来的潜在社会效益的情况下评估该项目的环境影响。我们的发现是：（1）在很多情况下，项目在选择地块时没有充分考虑土地生产力和环境异质性； （2）一半以上的造林地块为平坦农田（坡度小于5°）； (3) 在八个乡镇中的五个乡镇，重新造林土地的净收入大大高于或低于以前种植作物的收入，这引发了对参与该计划的农民补偿分配效率的质疑； (4)潜在的碳协同效益使项目的净现值增加了5954-7009元/公顷。总之，我们建议应更多地关注重新造林计划的质量而不仅仅是其规模，并指出，考虑潜在的碳固存协同效益可以增强农田转变计划的效益。
The Sloping Land Conversion Program (also known as “Grain for Green” or the Upland Conversion Program) for converting cropland to forest is one of China's most ambitious environmental initiatives, and is one of the world's largest land-conservation programs with a budget of RMB 337 billion (over US$ 40 billion). Although environmental impacts have played a vital role in the general reasoning and argumentation for forest plantations, environmental impact analyses have often received less attention than economic analyses in the planning of plantation forestry projects. The overall goal of this paper is to evaluate the program's environmental impact considering the farmer's interests and the potential social benefits due to carbon sequestration in different scenarios based on household and field survey data in Dunhua County. Our findings are that: (1) in many cases, the program did not give adequate consideration to land productivity and environmental heterogeneity when selecting plots; (2) more than half of the reforestation plots were on flat cropland (slopes of less than 5°); (3) in five of the eight townships, net incomes on reforested land were substantially above or below previous crop incomes, raising questions about the efficiency of the allocation of compensation to farmers participating in the program; (4) the potential carbon co-benefit increased the NPV of the program by 5954–7009RMB/ha. In conclusion, we recommend that more attention should be paid to the quality of reforestation programs rather than just their scale and note that consideration of potential carbon sequestration co-benefits enhances the benefits of cropland conversion programs.