Quantification of Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter Traffic Emissions and the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown at London Marylebone Road
Quantification of Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter Traffic Emissions and the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown at London Marylebone Road
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DOI：
10.3390/atmos12020190
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Green, David C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hicks, William;Beevers, Sean;Green, David C.
这项研究量化了当前来源的非废气颗粒物交通排放在伦敦使用同步，高时间分辨率，大气颗粒物质量和化学成分的测量。测量活动于2019年9月1日至2020年8月31日的12个月期间在Marylebone Road（路边）和荣誉橡树园（背景）城市监测站点进行。测量数据用于确定交通增量（路边背景），涵盖一系列气象条件、季节和驾驶方式，以及COVID-19“封锁”对非废气浓度的影响。非排气颗粒物（PM）（10）浓度是使用化学示踪剂比例因子计算的，用于制动器磨损（钡）、轮胎磨损（锌）和再悬浮（硅），并作为平均车队非排气排放因子，使用CO2“稀释法”。封锁的影响，导致马里波恩路的交通量减少了32%，平均速度增加了15%，导致PM10和PM2.5交通增量和制动器磨损浓度降低，但轮胎和再悬浮浓度相似，证实了决定非废气排放的因素是复杂的。制动器磨损被认为是最高的平均非废气排放源。此外，结果表明，非废气排放因子取决于速度和路面湿度条件。进一步的统计分析，包括更广泛的车辆组合，速度和气象条件的变化，以及先进的PM测量数据的源解析，以提高我们对这些重要的车辆源的理解。
This research quantifies current sources of non-exhaust particulate matter traffic emissions in London using simultaneous, highly time-resolved, atmospheric particulate matter mass and chemical composition measurements. The measurement campaign ran at Marylebone Road (roadside) and Honor Oak Park (background) urban monitoring sites over a 12-month period between 1 September 2019 and 31 August 2020. The measurement data were used to determine the traffic increment (roadside-background) and covered a range of meteorological conditions, seasons, and driving styles, as well as the influence of the COVID-19 "lockdown" on non-exhaust concentrations. Non-exhaust particulate matter (PM)(10) concentrations were calculated using chemical tracer scaling factors for brake wear (barium), tyre wear (zinc), and resuspension (silicon) and as average vehicle fleet non-exhaust emission factors, using a CO2 "dilution approach". The effect of lockdown, which saw a 32% reduction in traffic volume and a 15% increase in average speed on Marylebone Road, resulted in lower PM10 and PM2.5 traffic increments and brake wear concentrations but similar tyre and resuspension concentrations, confirming that factors that determine non-exhaust emissions are complex. Brake wear was found to be the highest average non-exhaust emission source. In addition, results indicate that non-exhaust emission factors were dependent upon speed and road surface wetness conditions. Further statistical analysis incorporating a wider variability in vehicle mix, speeds, and meteorological conditions, as well as advanced source apportionment of the PM measurement data, were undertaken to enhance our understanding of these important vehicle sources.