Ultraviolet damage to the eye revisited: eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®), a new ultraviolet protection label for eyewear.
Ultraviolet damage to the eye revisited: eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®), a new ultraviolet protection label for eyewear.
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重新审视眼睛的紫外线损害：眼睛阳性保护因子（E-SPF®），这是一种新型眼镜的紫外线保护标签。
DOI：
10.2147/opth.s46189
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wolffsohn JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Behar-Cohen F;Baillet G;de Ayguavives T;Garcia PO;Krutmann J;Peña-García P;Reme C;Wolffsohn JS
紫外线（UV）辐射可能会损害皮肤，免疫系统和眼睛结构。一个有用的紫外线防晒皮肤已经建立。由于大量证据表明紫外线辐射与眼睛结构损伤之间存在联系，因此眼睛保护很重要，但一直缺乏可靠且实用的工具来评估和比较镜片的紫外线防护性能。在一般公众中，已经发现了对眼睛防晒的误解。例如，防晒主要归因于太阳镜，但较少归因于透明镜片。眶周区域的皮肤恶性肿瘤是常见的，但通常的局部皮肤保护不包括眼睑。最近的研究利用了精确的剂量测定法，并证明了在给定的环境照射下，眼睛和皮肤的紫外线负荷存在相关差异。紫外线对角膜和透镜的慢性影响是累积的，因此有效的眼睛紫外线防护对所有年龄组都很重要，应该系统地使用。保护儿童的眼睛尤其重要，因为在很小的年龄，紫外线的透射率较高，使更高水平的紫外线辐射到达晶状体透镜，甚至视网膜。太阳镜以及透明镜片（平光和处方）有效地减少紫外线辐射的透射率。然而，眼睛的紫外线负担的一个重要部分是通过从镜片到眼睛的辐射的背反射来解释的。从透镜佩戴者后方135°-150°的角度入射的UV辐射从镜片的背面反射。通常的抗反射涂层显著地增加UV辐射的反射。为了提供镜片保护潜力的可靠标签，开发了眼睛防晒系数（E-SPF®）。它集成了镜片的紫外线透射率和紫外线反射率。E-SPF®与现有的皮肤防晒系数相比非常好，并向眼部保健提供者和普通消费者提供了明确的信息。
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation potentially damages the skin, the immune system, and structures of the eye. A useful UV sun protection for the skin has been established. Since a remarkable body of evidence shows an association between UV radiation and damage to structures of the eye, eye protection is important, but a reliable and practical tool to assess and compare the UV-protective properties of lenses has been lacking. Among the general lay public, misconceptions on eye-sun protection have been identified. For example, sun protection is mainly ascribed to sunglasses, but less so to clear lenses. Skin malignancies in the periorbital region are frequent, but usual topical skin protection does not include the lids. Recent research utilized exact dosimetry and demonstrated relevant differences in UV burden to the eye and skin at a given ambient irradiation. Chronic UV effects on the cornea and lens are cumulative, so effective UV protection of the eyes is important for all age groups and should be used systematically. Protection of children’s eyes is especially important, because UV transmittance is higher at a very young age, allowing higher levels of UV radiation to reach the crystalline lens and even the retina. Sunglasses as well as clear lenses (plano and prescription) effectively reduce transmittance of UV radiation. However, an important share of the UV burden to the eye is explained by back reflection of radiation from lenses to the eye. UV radiation incident from an angle of 135°–150° behind a lens wearer is reflected from the back side of lenses. The usual antireflective coatings considerably increase reflection of UV radiation. To provide reliable labeling of the protective potential of lenses, an eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®) has been developed. It integrates UV transmission as well as UV reflectance of lenses. The E-SPF® compares well with established skin-sun protection factors and provides clear messages to eye health care providers and to lay consumers.