Everyday Memory Compensation: The Impact of Cognitive Reserve, Subjective Memory, and Stress
Everyday Memory Compensation: The Impact of Cognitive Reserve, Subjective Memory, and Stress
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DOI：
10.1037/a0017726
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hasher, Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garrett, Douglas D.;Grady, Cheryl L.;Hasher, Lynn
为了确定日常记忆补偿的几个未被探索的协变量的潜在重要性，作者研究了66名老年人（平均年龄= 70.55岁）在记忆补偿问卷（日常记忆补偿的自我报告测量）和认知储备（教育和语言智商）、主观记忆和生活压力之间的关系。主要结果表明，补偿发生在智商水平高于教育水平（代表认知储备“不一致”）的人群中，而不发生在智商与教育水平相称的人群中（代表认知储备“一致”）；(b)有更大的感知记忆错误；(c)经历过高度压力的人。此外，无论感知到的记忆错误是高还是低，高压力的老年人都进行了补偿，但低压力的老年人只有在感知到高记忆错误时才进行了补偿。围绕模型贝塔的自举置信区间为估计可靠性提供了进一步的支持。这些结果提示了认知储备概念的边界条件，并强调了主观记忆和生活压力在定义补偿可能发生的环境中的重要性。
To determine the potential importance of several unexplored covariates of everyday memory compensation, the authors examined relations between responses on the Memory Compensation Questionnaire (a self-report measure of everyday memory compensation) and cognitive reserve (education and verbal IQ), subjective memory, and life stress in 66 older adults (mean age = 70.55 years). Key results indicated that compensation occurred in people (a) whose IQ level was greater than their education level (representing cognitive reserve "discordance") but not in people whose IQ was commensurate with their education (representing cognitive reserve "concordance"); (b) who had greater perceived memory errors; and (c) who experienced heightened stress. Further, high-stress older adults compensated whether perceived memory errors were low or high, but low-stress older adults compensated only if they perceived high memory errors. Bootstrapped confidence intervals around model betas provided further support for estimate reliability. These results suggest boundary conditions for the concept of cognitive reserve, and highlight the importance of subjective memory and life stress for defining contexts in which compensation may occur.