Old acetogens, new light
Old acetogens, new light
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1419.016
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Daniel, Steven L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Drake, Harold L.;Goessner, Anita S.;Daniel, Steven L.
产乙酸菌利用乙酰辅酶A Wood-Ljungdahl途径作为末端电子接受、节能、CO2固定过程。几十年来解决这一途径的酶学研究（1）之前的研究表明，产乙酸菌不仅拥有一个新的CO2固定途径，但也是生态重要性，（2）掩盖了新的微生物发现产乙酸菌和产乙酸。第一个被分离的产乙酸菌是Clostridium aceticum，由Klaas Tammo Wieringa在1936年报道，但随后丢失。第二个被分离的产乙酸菌是热乙酸梭菌，由弗朗西斯·埃弗雷姆方丹和同事在1942年分离。热醋酸梭菌成为研究最广泛的产乙酸菌，并在Harland GoffWood和Lars Gerhard Ljungdahl的实验室中用于解析乙酰辅酶A途径的酶学。虽然乙酸生成最初引起了一些科学家的兴趣，但这个新的过程促进了几个科学里程碑，包括生物学中的第一个C-14示踪剂研究和发现钨是一种生物活性金属。乙酰辅酶A途径现在被认为是全球碳循环的基本组成部分，对许多不同原核生物的代谢潜力至关重要。乙酰辅酶A途径及其变体似乎对某些栖息地的初级生产很重要，可能是地球上第一个自养过程，对生命的进化很重要。本文的目的是（1）向那些发现产乙酸菌和产乙酸的人致敬，并向那些解决乙酰辅酶A途径的人致敬，（2）在其科学根源的框架内突出产乙酸菌的生态学和生理学。
Acetogens utilize the acetyl-CoA Wood-Ljungdahl pathway as a terminal electron-accepting, energy-conserving, CO2-fixing process. The decades of research to resolve the enzymology of this pathway (1) preceded studies demonstrating that acetogens not only harbor a novel CO2-fixing pathway, but are also ecologically important, and (2) overshadowed the novel microbiological discoveries of acetogens and acetogenesis. The first acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium aceticum, was reported by Klaas Tammo Wieringa in 1936, but was subsequently lost. The second acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium thermoaceticum, was isolated by Francis Ephraim Fontaine and co-workers in 1942. C thermoaceticum became the most extensively studied acetogen and was used to resolve the enzymology of the acetyl-CoA pathway in the laboratories of Harland GoffWood and Lars Gerhard Ljungdahl. Although acetogenesis initially intrigued few scientists, this novel process fostered several scientific milestones, including the first C-14-tracer studies in biology and the discovery that tungsten is a biologically active metal. The acetyl-CoA pathway is now recognized as a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle and essential to the metabolic potentials of many different prokaryotes. The acetyl-CoA pathway and variants thereof appear to be important to primary production in certain habitats and may have been the first autotrophic process on earth and important to the evolution of life. The purpose of this article is to (1) pay tribute to those who discovered acetogens and acetogenesis, and to those who resolved the acetyl-CoA pathway, and (2) highlight the ecology and physiology of acetogens within the framework of their scientific roots.