LOOKING THROUGH PHONOLOGICAL SHAPE TO LEXICAL MEANING - THE BOTTLENECK OF NON-NATIVE SIGN LANGUAGE PROCESSING
LOOKING THROUGH PHONOLOGICAL SHAPE TO LEXICAL MEANING - THE BOTTLENECK OF NON-NATIVE SIGN LANGUAGE PROCESSING
复制标题
DOI：
10.3758/bf03202635
复制
发表时间：
1989-11-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
FISCHER, SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MAYBERRY, RI;FISCHER, SD
在两项研究中，我们发现母语习得和非母语习得对手语加工的影响是不同的。研究对象都是天生失聪，在人际交往中使用手语，但在出生至18岁期间首次获得手语。在第一项研究中，聋哑人在血液和恶劣的观看条件下展示（同时观看和复制）用两种方言，美国手语（ASL）和洋泾浜手语英语（PSE）给出的手语叙述。在第二项研究中，聋哑人用手语回忆和标记符合语法和不符合语法的美国手语句子。与非母语手语相比，母语手语更准确，理解能力更强，并产生了不同类型的词汇变化；本族人的符号变化主要与符号意义有关，与刺激物的语音特征无关。相比之下，非母语手语者主要根据刺激物的语音特征来改变符号，而不依赖于词汇和句子意义。语义词汇变化与加工精度和理解力呈正相关，语音词汇变化与加工精度和理解力呈负相关。非母语习得的影响在不同的手语方言、观看条件和加工任务中都是相似的。结果表明，母语手语者对词汇结构的处理是自动的，因此他们能够注意和记住词汇和句子的意义。相比之下，非母语的手语使用者似乎将更多的注意力分配到识别音位形状的任务上，因此他们对词汇意义的检索和记忆的注意力较少。
In two studies, we find that native and non-native acquisition show different effects on sign language processing. Subjects were all born deaf and used sign language for interpersonal communication, but first acquired it at ages ranging from birth to 18. In the first study, deaf signers showed (simultaneously watched and reproduced) sign language narratives given in two dialects, American Sign Language (ASL) and Pidgin Sign English (PSE) in both bood and poor viewing conditions. In the second study, deaf signers recalled and shadowed grammatical and ungrammatical ASL sentences. In comparison with non-native signers, natives were more accurate, comprehended better, and made different kinds of lexical changes; natives primarily changed signs in relation to sign meaning independent of the phonological characteristics of the stimulus. In contrast, non-native signers primarily changes signs in relation to the phonoloical characteristics of the timulus independent of lexical and sentential meaning. Semantic lexical changes were positively correlated to processing accuracy and comprehension, whereas phonolocigal lexical changes were negatively correlated. The effects of non-native acquisition were similar acrosss variations in the sign dialect, viewing conditions, and processing task. The results suggest that native signers process lexical structure automatically, such that they can attend to and remember lexical and sentential meaning. In contrast, non-native signers appear to allocate more attention to the task of identifying phonological shape such that they have less attention available for retrieval and memory of lexical meaning.