THE ADDICTION LIABILITY OF METHADON (AMIDONE, DOLOPHINE, 10820) AND ITS USE IN THE TREATMENT OF THE MORPHINE ABSTINENCE SYNDROME
THE ADDICTION LIABILITY OF METHADON (AMIDONE, DOLOPHINE, 10820) AND ITS USE IN THE TREATMENT OF THE MORPHINE ABSTINENCE SYNDROME
复制标题
DOI：
10.1176/ajp.105.12.909
复制
发表时间：
1949-01-01
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
VOGEL, VH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ISBELL, H;VOGEL, VH
任何强效止痛药的发现都会引发人们对这种药物上瘾的危险的质疑。当H.immelsbach(，)显示地麦罗尔是一种成瘾药物时，认为菲系列药物(吗啡和相关化合物)是唯一具有成瘾倾向的镇痛剂的想法必须改变。因此，当美沙酮(也被称为10820、胺酮和多洛芬)被证明是一种有效的止痛剂，具有许多吗啡的药理作用时(2)，有必要对其成瘾倾向进行研究。据报道，这些研究是在美国国家研究委员会毒瘾委员会的支持下进行的，在肯塔基州列克星敦的美国公共卫生服务医院进行。在这些研究中，特别关注了希梅尔斯巴赫认为阿片类药物成瘾的特征：耐受性、身体依赖和成瘾，或情感或精神依赖。耐受性的定义是重复使用相同剂量的药物所产生的影响逐渐减少。身体依赖是指反复给药引起的一种改变的生理状态，需要继续使用药物以防止出现典型的戒断疾病(戒断综合症)。习惯性指的是对药物使用的情感或精神依赖。在这三个特征中，习惯现在在列克星敦被认为是最重要的，在评估药物成瘾倾向时应该给予最大的权重。在忍耐和身体依赖之后
The discovery of any potent analgesic drug always raises the question of the danger of addiction to the drug. The idea that the drugs of the phenanthrene series (morphine and related compounds) were the only analgesics which possessed addiction liability had to be modified when H. immelsbach (,) showed that demerol was an addicting drug. Accordingly, when methadon(which has also been called 10820, amidone, and dolophine) was shown to be a potent analgesic which possessed many of the pharmacologic actions of morphine (2), a study of its addiction liability became necessary. The studies, which are reported here, were carried out under the auspices of the Drug Addiction Committee of the National Research Council, and were conducted at the US Public Health Service Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky.In these studies particular attention was paid to the qualities which Himmelsbach (3) has regarded as characteristic of addiction to the opiate drugs: tolerance, physical dependence, and habituation, or emotional or psychic dependence. Tolerance is defined as the gradual decrease in the effect produced on repeated administration of the same dose of the drug. Physical dependence refers to an altered physiological state brought about by the repeated administration of a drug which necessitates continued use of the drug to prevent the appearance of a characteristic withdrawal illness(the abstinence syndrome). Habituation means emotional or psychic dependence upon the use of a drug. Of these three qualities, habituation is now regarded at Lexington as the most important and should be given the greatest weight in assessing the addiction liability of a drug. After tolerance and physical dependence