In vitro digestion and fermentation of Japanese macaque ( <i>Macaca fuscata</i> ) food: The influence of food type and particle size
In vitro digestion and fermentation of Japanese macaque ( <i>Macaca fuscata</i> ) food: The influence of food type and particle size
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日本猕猴（<i>Macaca fuscata</i>）食物的体外消化和发酵：食物类型和颗粒大小的影响
DOI：
10.1002/ajp.23470
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hanya Goro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He Tianmeng;Lee Wanyi;Hanya Goro
对于食草动物来说，咀嚼是获取营养的关键。测量咀嚼后的消化液颗粒大小可以提高我们对食物和消化之间关系的理解。以前对家畜饲料的研究表明，较小的消化液颗粒会导致更有效的消化。由于动物因素(如老年牙列)或饲料因素(如抗骨折能力)导致的消化液颗粒大小增加可能是动物营养摄入受损的迹象。然而，对于一些饮食通才的灵长类动物来说，在食用首选食物时，消化颗粒的大小被证明是增加的，这引发了人们对咀嚼在消化这类食物中的作用的怀疑。这种不确定性使得通过消化颗粒大小来理解饮食、咀嚼和消化之间的联系变得困难。本研究以日本猕猴(Macaca Fuscata)饲料中的五种典型食物为材料，进行了体外消化和发酵试验，探讨了颗粒大小对酶消化和微生物消化的影响。在发酵检测中，我们使用圈养日本猕猴的粪便作为接种物。在五种食物中，我们发现颗粒大小对种子和成熟叶片的消化率的影响比对幼叶和果肉的影响更大。果肉和种子中的颗粒大小对发酵速率的影响大于叶片中的影响。物理结构、质地、消化障碍和可溶性成分的差异可能是造成这种差异的重要原因。这些结果支持这样一种假设，即减少食物颗粒大小对食用水果的重要性不如对食用树叶的重要性。颗粒大小对消化水果的影响有限，这表明本研究中检查的两种水果在食品加工和咀嚼方面具有成本效益。
Chewing is critical for herbivores to obtain nutrients. Measuring digesta particle size as the outcome of chewing can improve our understanding of the relationship between food and digestion. Previous studies of feeds of domestic animals have shown that smaller digesta particle size leads to more efficient digestion. Increased digesta particle size—either due to animal factors (e.g., a senile dentition) or to feed factors (e.g., fracture resistance) could be a sign of an animal experiencing compromised nutritional intake. However, for some primates that are dietary generalists, digesta particle size has been shown to increase when consuming preferred foods, which raises doubts about the role of chewing in digesting such foods. This uncertainty makes it difficult to understand the connection between diet, chewing, and digestion through digesta particle size in dietary generalists. In this study, using five typical food items from the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) diet, we conducted in vitro digestibility and fermentation assays to explore the effects of particle size on enzymatic and microbial digestion. For the fermentation assays, we used feces from captive Japanese macaques as inoculum. Among the five food items, we found that particle size has a stronger influence on the digestibility of seeds and mature leaves compared to young leaves and pulp. The influence of particle size on the fermentation rate was stronger in pulp and seeds compared to that in leaves. The differences in physical structure, texture, digestion barriers, and soluble components may play important roles in such differences. These results support the hypothesis that reducing food particle size is less important for consuming fruits than for consuming leaves. The limited effects of particle size on digesting fruits suggest that the two fruits examined in this study are cost‐effective concerning food processing and chewing.