E- and Z-trisubstituted macrocyclic alkenes for natural product synthesis and skeletal editing.

E- and Z-trisubstituted macrocyclic alkenes for natural product synthesis and skeletal editing.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41557-022-00935-y
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发表时间:
2022-06
期刊:
影响因子:
21.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
化学1区
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许多治疗剂是大环三取代烯烃,然而,这些结构的制备通常是低效和非选择性的。一种可能的解决方案是催化大环闭合复分解,但这些转化需要高催化剂负载,构象刚性前体,并且通常是低产率和/或非立体选择性。在这里,我们介绍了一种闭合环的复合策略,用于合成三取代大环烯烃的立体异构体形式,而不管熵的辅助水平。该目标是通过解决几个意想不到的困难,包括由预闭环甲基烯烃异构化引起的并发症而实现的。两个例子突出了该方法的威力。其中之一是与抗真菌天然产物相关的大内酰胺形成过程中底物控制的选择性几乎完全逆转。另一个是在24元环上的e-三取代烯烃的后期立体选择性生成,在通往细胞毒性天然产物美元内酯C的途中。
Many therapeutic agents are macrocyclic trisubstituted alkenes, and yet, preparation of these structures is typically inefficient and nonselective. A possible solution would entail catalytic macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis, but these transformations require high catalyst loading, conformationally rigid precursors, and are often low yielding and/or non-stereoselective. Here, we introduce a ring-closing metathesis strategy for synthesis of trisubstituted macrocyclic olefins in either stereoisomeric form, regardless of the level of entropic assistance. The goal was achieved by addressing several unexpected difficulties, including complications arising from pre-ring-closing metathesis alkene isomerization. The power of the method is highlighted by two examples. One being the near-complete reversal of substrate-controlled selectivity in the formation of a macrolactam related to an anti-fungal natural product. The other is a late-stage stereoselective generation of a E-trisubstituted alkene in a 24-membered ring, en route to cytotoxic natural product dolabelide C.
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