The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism?
The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.027
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Martin, Chris J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, Chris J.
共享经济似乎涵盖了各种在线点对点经济活动，如租赁 (Airbnb)、营利性服务提供 (Uber) 和礼品赠送 (Freecycle)。 Airbnb 和 Uber 的硅谷成功故事催生了充满活力的共享经济讨论，媒体、现有行业、企业家和草根活动家都参与其中。在这种论述中，共享经济是以相互矛盾的方式构建的。从通往可持续发展的潜在途径，到噩梦般的新自由主义。然而，这些框架都有一个共同的愿景，即共享经济（创新的利基）分散并破坏现有的社会技术和经济结构（制度）。这里我对网络共享经济话语进行分析；确定共享经济的框架为：（1）经济机会； (2) 更可持续的消费形式； (3) 通往去中心化、公平和可持续经济的途径； (4) 创建不受监管的市场； （5）强化新自由主义范式； (6) 创新领域不连贯。尽管对过度消费的批评是共享经济利基市场出现的核心 (2)，但它已被政权行为者成功地重新定义为纯粹的经济机会 (1)。如果共享经济遵循这种企业选择的路径，它似乎不太可能推动向可持续发展的转变。 (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The sharing economy seemingly encompasses, online peer-to-peer economic activities as diverse as rental (Airbnb), for-profit service provision (Uber), and gifting (Freecycle). The Silicon Valley success stories of Airbnb and Uber have catalysed a vibrant sharing economy discourse, participated in by the media, incumbent industries, entrepreneurs and grassroots activists. Within this discourse the sharing economy is framed in contradictory ways; ranging from a potential pathway to sustainability, to a nightmarish form of neoliberalism. However, these framings share a common vision of the sharing economy (a niche of innovation) decentralising and disrupting established socio-technical and economic structures (regimes). Here I present an analysis of the online sharing economy discourse; identifying that the sharing economy is framed as: (1) an economic opportunity; (2) a more sustainable form of consumption; (3) a pathway to a decentralised, equitable and sustainable economy; (4) creating unregulated marketplaces; (5) reinforcing the neoliberal paradigm; and, (6) an incoherent field of innovation. Although a critique of hyper-consumption was central to emergence of the sharing economy niche (2), it has been successfully reframed by regime actors as purely an economic opportunity (1). If the sharing economy follows this pathway of corporate co-option it appears unlikely to drive a transition to sustainability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.