Effects of early play experience on play behaviour of piglets after weaning
Effects of early play experience on play behaviour of piglets after weaning
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DOI：
10.1016/s0168-1591(02)00138-7
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Cloutier, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donaldson, TM;Newberry, RC;Cloutier, S
我们假设，仔猪在早期个体发育过程中获得的玩耍经验会影响它们科普断奶应激的能力。具体来说，我们预测，（i）断奶最初会导致低发挥水平和（ii）更好的应对能力将反映在更快速的增加，在断奶后的时间发挥水平。我们在三个断奶前处理中操纵了游戏经验：（1）障碍（在整个2.1 m x 1.8 m家庭围栏和1.7 m x 1.5 m观察围栏中与受屏障限制的同窝仔一起玩耍，在第8天和第23天之间的7个30 min时间段内将每窝仔放入观察围栏中），（与同窝仔在家庭围栏和观察围栏中无障碍玩耍），和（3）外来动物（与同窝仔在家庭围栏中无障碍玩耍，与同窝仔和非同窝仔在观察围栏中无障碍玩耍）。我们预计治疗可以提高应对能力，具体如下：外星人>同窝仔>障碍物。在第24天断奶后，将每个处理组8窝中每窝的2只雄性和2只雌性圈养在一起。在断奶后的第1，3和5天，他们被放置在（畅通无阻）观察栏30分钟。数据进行了分析，使用混合模型重复测量方差分析的对数转换数据。在研究的所有三个游戏类别中，（运动游戏：跳跃、旋转、头部翻转、翻跟头和抓爪;社交游戏：无伤害性的咬伤、杠杆和“推倒”;以及过渡到自我妨碍位置：坐着、跪着或躺着），断奶后第1天玩耍行为的频率低于断奶前一天，断奶后第3、5日龄恢复到断奶前水平或更高水平（P < 0.001）。在断奶后第3天，社交游戏行为的频率处于预测的方向（外来者>同窝仔>障碍物），导致显著的治疗x时间效应（P < 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，断奶后的抑郁症是深刻的，但短暂的。我们发现的证据表明，断奶前的早期游戏经验有一定的影响，断奶后的社会发挥，但在断奶后的第一周，总运动发挥或过渡到自我妨碍姿势。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
We hypothesised that play experience gained by piglets during early ontogeny would affect their ability to cope with weaning stress. Specifically, we predicted that (i) weaning would initially result in low play levels and (ii) better coping ability would be reflected by a more rapid increase in play levels with time after weaning. We manipulated play experience in three pre-weaning treatments (1) Obstacles (play with littermates restricted by barriers throughout the 2.1 m x 1.8 m home pen and a 1.7 m x 1.5 m observation pen into which each litter was placed during seven 30 min periods between day 8 and day 23), (2) Littermates (unobstructed play with littermates in home pen, and observation pen), and (3) Aliens (unobstructed play with littermates in home pen, and with littermates and non-littermates in observation pen). We expected the treatments to increase coping ability as follows: Aliens > Littermates > Obstacles. Two males and two females from each of eight litters per treatment were housed together after weaning at day 24. On days 1, 3 and 5 after weaning, they were placed in the (unobstructed) observation pen for 30 min. Data were analysed using mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance on log-transformed data. In all three play categories studied (locomotor play: scampers, pivots, head tosses, flops and paws; social play: non-injurious bites, levers, and "push-overs"; and transitions to self-handicapping positions: sitting, kneeling or lying), the frequency of play behaviour was lower on day 1 after weaning than on the day before weaning, and increased to pre-weaning or higher levels on days 3 and 5 after weaning (P < 0.001). On day 3 after weaning, the frequency of social play behaviour was in the predicted direction (Aliens > Littermates > Obstacles) resulting in a significant treatment x time effect (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that the depression of play after weaning is profound but transient. We found evidence that early play experience before weaning had some effect on social play after weaning, but not on total locomotor play or transitions to self-handicapping postures in the first week after weaning. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.