Current Data on Risk Factor Estimates Does Not Explain the Difference in Rates of Melanoma between Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites.
Current Data on Risk Factor Estimates Does Not Explain the Difference in Rates of Melanoma between Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/2105250
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Cockburn MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kamath S;Miller KA;Cockburn MG
美国拉美裔美国人的黑色素瘤发病率比非西班牙裔白人低7倍(Nhw)。目前尚不清楚这种差异是否可以仅由表型风险因素(如较黑的皮肤)来解释，或者是否可改变的风险因素(如日晒)也起到了作用。这篇文章的目的是总结目前已知的关于西班牙裔和卫生工作者中黑色素瘤危险因素的情况，以及这些差异是否可以解释黑色素瘤发病率的差异。通过文献回顾，确定拉美裔和卫生保健工人中黑色素瘤危险因素的相对危险度和患病率，并用来计算拉美裔预期发病率和与卫生保健工作者相比的比率。我们发现，黑色素瘤风险因素在西班牙裔和NHW人群中的频率相似(例如，许多大的痣)，或者在西班牙裔美国人中较少出现，但不能解释高比例的疾病变异(例如，红发)。考虑到目前对危险因素患病率的了解，我们发现两组黑色素瘤的发病率实际上应该是相似的。拉美裔人的日晒行为可能有助于解释黑色素瘤发病率差异7倍的原因。目前，关于拉美裔人日晒行为的数据有限，但通过进一步研究这些做法来改善初级预防的可能性很大。
United States Hispanics have seven times lower melanoma incidence rates than non-Hispanic whites (NHW). It is unclear whether this difference can be explained solely by phenotypic risk factors, like darker skin, or whether modifiable risk factors, like sun exposure, also play a role. The purpose of this paper is to summarize what is currently known about melanoma risk factors among Hispanics and NHWs, and whether or not those differences could explain the difference in melanoma incidence. Through literature review, relative risks and prevalence of melanoma risk factors in Hispanics and NHWs were identified and used to calculate the expected rate in Hispanics and rate ratio compared to NHWs. We found that melanoma risk factors either have similar frequency in Hispanics and NHWs (e.g., many large nevi) or are less frequent in Hispanics but do not explain a high proportion of disease variation (e.g., red hair). Considering current knowledge of risk factor prevalence, we found that melanoma incidence rates in the two groups should actually be similar. Sun exposure behavior among Hispanics may contribute to the explanation for the 7-fold difference in melanoma rates. Currently, limited data exist on sun exposure behavior among Hispanics, but possibilities for improving primary prevention by further studying these practices are substantial.