Generalized Relational Matching by Guinea Baboons (Papio papio) in Two-by-Two-Item Analogy Problems
Generalized Relational Matching by Guinea Baboons (Papio papio) in Two-by-Two-Item Analogy Problems
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797611422916
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Thompson, Roger K. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fagot, Joel;Thompson, Roger K. R.
类比推理被认为是人类推理的标志，但一些研究表明，受过语言和符号训练的黑猩猩也可以进行类比推理。尽管这种能力具有潜在的适应价值，但其他研究的证据强烈表明，其他非人类灵长类动物不具有这种类比推理能力。在我们的三个实验中，29只狒狒中有6只获得了执行关系样本匹配（RMTS）任务的能力，在该任务中，成对的形状组成关系显示。这6只猴子中的5只，然后将这种能力转移到RMTS任务中，使用新的身份（一对中的元素是相同的）和非身份（一对中的元素是不同的）关系的范例。这种转移甚至发生在不正确的对与它正在比较的样本对共享一个元素的试验中。狒狒在12个月后仍保留了这种能力。我们对符号幼稚猴子的研究结果表明，尽管语言和符号训练有助于非人类灵长类动物的概念思维，但这种训练并不是类比推理的先决条件。
Analogical reasoning is considered the hallmark of human reasoning, but some studies have demonstrated that language-and symbol-trained chimpanzees can also reason analogically. Despite the potential adaptive value of this ability, evidence from other studies strongly suggests that other nonhuman primates do not have this capacity for analogical reasoning. In our three experiments, 6 of 29 baboons acquired the ability to perform a relational matching-to-sample (RMTS) task in which pairs of shapes composed relational displays. Five of these 6 monkeys then transferred this ability to RMTS tasks using novel exemplars of identity (elements in a pair are the same) and nonidentity (elements in a pair are different) relations. This transfer occurred even on trials in which the incorrect pair shared an element with the sample pair with which it was being compared. The baboons retained this ability 12 months later. The findings from our study of symbol-naive monkeys indicate that although language and symbol training facilitate conceptual thinking in nonhuman primates, such training is not a prerequisite for analogical reasoning.