Voluntary Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing in Jails
Voluntary Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing in Jails
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DOI：
10.1097/olq.0b013e318148b6b1
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Griffiths, Sean David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacGowan, Robin;Margolis, Andrew;Griffiths, Sean David
目的：提供人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）快速检测的人在监狱中，确定以前未确诊的HIV感染病例，并将HIV感染的囚犯护理，治疗和预防service.Design：四个州的卫生部门（佛罗里达，路易斯安那州，纽约和威斯康星州）与监狱合作，实施独立的自愿快速HIV检测计划。囚犯要求或由医务人员转诊进行艾滋病毒快速检测。艾滋病毒检测由卫生部门、教养机构或社区组织提供。快速检测呈反应性的囚犯提供确证性检测、医学评估、预防服务和出院规划。结果：从2003年12月到2006年5月，向33,211名囚犯提供了艾滋病病毒快速检测，其中99.9%以上的人收到了检测结果。大多数接受测试的囚犯是男性（79%）、黑人（58%）和35岁以下（60%）。共有440例（13%）艾滋病毒快速检测呈反应性，其中409例（1.2%）结果证实为阳性。检测项目确定了269例（0.8%）以前未诊断的艾滋病毒感染病例。在多变量分析中，新的HIV诊断与种族/民族、危险行为的报告和没有HIV危险行为的报告相关。几乎40%的诊断是为囚犯的唯一报告的风险是异性接触。结论：在监狱中的快速艾滋病毒检测确定了相当数量的以前未确诊的艾滋病毒感染病例。应向所有囚犯提供艾滋病毒快速检测，无论囚犯是否报告有艾滋病毒危险行为。
Objectives: To provide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid testing to persons in jails, identify previously undiagnosed cases of HIV infection, and refer HIV-infected inmates to care, treatment, and prevention services.Design: Four state health departments (Florida, Louisiana, New York, and Wisconsin) collaborated with jails to implement stand-alone voluntary rapid HIV testing programs. Inmates requested or were referred by medical staff for rapid HIV testing. HIV testing was provided by the health department, correctional facility, or a community-based organization. Inmates whose rapid test was reactive were offered confirmatory testing, medical evaluation, prevention services, and discharge planning.Results: From December 2003 through May 2006, rapid HIV testing was provided to 33,211 inmates, more than 99.9% of whom received their test results. Most of the inmates tested were male (79%), black (58%), and less than 35 years of age (60%). A total of 440 (13%) rapid HIV tests were reactive, and 409 (1.2%) of the results were confirmed positive. The testing programs identified 269 (0.8%) previously undiagnosed cases of HIV infection. In the multivariate analyses, new HIV diagnoses were associated with race/ethnicity, report of risky behaviors, and with no report of HIV risk behavior. Almost 40% of diagnoses were for inmates whose only reported risk was heterosexual contact.Conclusions: Rapid HIV testing in jails identified a considerable number of previously undiagnosed cases of HIV infection. Rapid HIV testing should be available to all inmates, regardless of whether inmates reported HIV risky behaviors.