Chemical water quality in Thailand and its impacts on the drinking water production in Thailand
Chemical water quality in Thailand and its impacts on the drinking water production in Thailand
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.08.008
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发表时间：
2005-03-20
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Knepper, TP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kruawal, K;Sacher, F;Knepper, TP
在泰国，地表水和地下水是自来水和饮用水生产的主要水源。36个不同的样品从表面沃茨从Chao Praya河和Mae Klong河，自来水沃茨，瓶装饮用沃茨，地下沃茨和商业冰块从周围的曼谷地区收集。还从春武里府的两个自来水厂采集了水样。广泛的调查显示，总体而言，在所有调查的水样中，只有轻微的污染，可以追溯到所进行的分析，其中包括总有机碳、无机物和重金属、农药、有机氯化合物、挥发性有机化合物、表面活性剂、药物和消毒副产品。然而，每当在地表水中可以检测到有机微污染物时，例如除草剂阿特拉津，它们也存在于其产生的自来水中，证明本处理步骤不足以去除这些污染物。从湄南河生产的自来水中的消毒副产物的浓度高于从湄公河。瓶装饮用水中也发现了消毒副产物。商业冰块含有高浓度的阴离子表面活性剂及其代谢物。本研究的数据构成了化学水质的第一组同质数据，也有助于泰国新水质标准的制定。(c)2004 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
In Thailand, surface water and groundwater are the main water sources for tap water and drinking water production. Thirty-six different samples from surface waters from Chao Praya and Mae Klong rivers, tap waters, bottled drinking waters, groundwaters and commercial ice cubes from around the Bangkok area were collected. Water samples were also taken from two waterworks in the Chonburi province. The extensive survey showed that, overall in all water samples investigated, there was only a minor pollution which could be traced back to the analyses performed including amongst others total organic carbon, inorganics and heavy metals, pesticides, organochlorine compounds, volatile organic compounds, surfactants, pharmaceuticals and disinfection by-products. However, whenever organic micropollutants could be detected in surface water, such as, e.g. the herbicide atrazine, they were also present in the tap water produced thereof proving that the present treatment steps are not sufficient for removal of such pollutants. The concentration of disinfection by-products was higher in tap water produced from Chao Praya river than from Mae Klong river. Disinfection by-products were also found in bottled drinking water. Commercial ice cubes contained anionic surfactants and their metabolites at elevated concentrations. The data of this study constitute the first set of homogenous data for the chemical water quality and also aid development of new water quality criteria in Thailand. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.