Experimental manipulation of helping in a cooperative breeder:: helpers 'pay to stay' by pre-emptive appeasement
Experimental manipulation of helping in a cooperative breeder:: helpers 'pay to stay' by pre-emptive appeasement
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.05.009
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Taborsky, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergmüller, R;Taborsky, M
“付费居留假说”提出，下属群体成员帮助统治者，以便在领土上被容忍。因此，如果帮助者没有提供足够的帮助，他们应该受到惩罚，并在此后增加帮助行为。我们测试是否帮助和社会行为的组成员的合作繁殖丽鲷新亮丽鲷的变化，根据这些预测。一个焦点助手实验阻止帮助保卫领土对同种入侵者剥夺它的信息，入侵者的存在。与此同时，其他小组成员目睹了入侵者和“被动”焦点助手。当一个帮助者被阻止提供帮助时，其他群体成员通过增加对领土的防御来补偿，这表明被动帮助者的贡献是有益的。正如“付费入住假说”所预测的那样，帮助者在被阻止帮助之后会增加帮助行为。然而，我们没有发现任何迹象表明，显性惩罚焦点助手之前没有帮助。然而，惩罚可能无法衡量，因为帮助行为的绥靖功能。根据这一假设，竞争性的相互作用，重点帮手和占主导地位的帮手帮助时，减少。显然，帮助者通过增加帮助和顺从行为来防止惩罚。我们的数据支持支付留下来的假设，并提出了一个新的机制，监管合作投资的下属：先发制人的安抚主导通过帮助和顺从的行为。(C)2004年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
The 'pay-to-stay hypothesis' proposes that subordinate group members help dominants in order to be tolerated in the territory. Accordingly, helpers should be punished if they, are not helping sufficiently and should increase helping behaviour thereafter. We tested whether helping and social behaviours of group members of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher change according to these predictions. A focal helper was experimentally prevented from helping to defend the territory against a conspecific intruder by depriving it of the information that an intruder was present. At the same time the other group members witnessed both the intruder and the 'passive' focal helper. When a helper was prevented from providing help, the other group members compensated by increasing defence of the territory, which suggests that the contribution of the passive helper was beneficial. As predicted by the pay-to-stay hypothesis, helpers increased helping behaviour after being prevented from helping. However, we found no indications that dominants punished the focal helper for not having helped before. Punishment may not be measurable, though, because of an appeasement function of helping behaviour. In accordance with this hypothesis, agonistic interactions between focal helpers and dominants were reduced when helpers helped. Apparently, helpers prevent punishment by increasing helping and submissive behaviours. Our data support the pay-to-stay hypothesis and suggest a new mechanism for the regulation of cooperative investment by subordinates: pre-emptive appeasement of dominants through helping and submissive behaviour. (C) 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.