Neurodevelopmental Precursors and Consequences of Substance Use during Adolescence: Promises and Pitfalls of Longitudinal Neuroimaging Strategies.
Neurodevelopmental Precursors and Consequences of Substance Use during Adolescence: Promises and Pitfalls of Longitudinal Neuroimaging Strategies.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2016.00296
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
VanMeter JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fishbein DH;Rose EJ;Darcey VL;Belcher AM;VanMeter JW
物质使用者的神经认知和情绪调节缺陷通常被归因于滥用；然而，大多数研究没有包括物质天真的基线来证明这一结论。病因学文献表明，先前存在的缺陷可能导致使用的开始和升级，然后因随后的使用而加剧。为了解决这一问题，人们越来越有兴趣进行前瞻性的、纵向的神经成像研究，以分离神经发育前体和青少年滥用药物的后果，这反映在最近的倡议中，如NIH领导的青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)研究和国家酒精与神经发育联合会(NCANDA)。为了特别区分神经发育前体和青少年使用物质的后果，需要对物质幼稚的青春期前儿童进行前瞻性的、纵向的神经成像研究。本文中描述的样本--即正在进行的青少年发展研究(ADS)--使用了一种有针对性的招募战略，以支持在对类似现象的纵向研究中相对较小的样本中，处于物质使用风险(即“高风险”)的青春期前个体的数量，但在神经成像方面(即，N=135；11-13岁)的样本历史上较大。在基线时，参与者接受了MRI测试和大量的认知和行为评估，以及遗传学、压力生理学和访谈。研究方法包括在相隔18个月的三个时间点(即基线/第一波、第二波和第三波)重复这些措施。在这篇文章中，我们没有概述具体的研究结果，而是描述了进行这种类型的前瞻性、纵向神经影像研究所涉及的众多复杂性和挑战的广度，并讨论了后续努力的“经验教训”。虽然这些类型的大型纵向神经成像研究提出了许多后勤和科学挑战，但获得的关于青少年药物使用的前体和后果的丰富信息为青少年药物使用的神经生物学基础提供了独特的见解，这将为有针对性的干预奠定基础。
Neurocognitive and emotional regulatory deficits in substance users are often attributed to misuse; however most studies do not include a substance-naïve baseline to justify that conclusion. The etiological literature suggests that pre-existing deficits may contribute to the onset and escalation of use that are then exacerbated by subsequent use. To address this, there is burgeoning interest in conducting prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging studies to isolate neurodevelopmental precursors and consequences of adolescent substance misuse, as reflected in recent initiatives such as the NIH-led Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment (NCANDA). To distinguish neurodevelopmental precursors from the consequences of adolescent substance use specifically, prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging studies with substance-naïve pre-adolescents are needed. The exemplar described in this article—i.e., the ongoing Adolescent Development Study (ADS)—used a targeted recruitment strategy to bolster the numbers of pre-adolescent individuals who were at increased risk of substance use (i.e., “high-risk”) in a sample that was relatively small for longitudinal studies of similar phenomena, but historically large for neuroimaging (i.e., N = 135; 11–13 years of age). At baseline participants underwent MRI testing and a large complement of cognitive and behavioral assessments along with genetics, stress physiology and interviews. The study methods include repeating these measures at three time points (i.e., baseline/Wave 1, Wave 2 and Wave 3), 18 months apart. In this article, rather than outlining specific study outcomes, we describe the breadth of the numerous complexities and challenges involved in conducting this type of prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging study and “lessons learned” for subsequent efforts are discussed. While these types of large longitudinal neuroimaging studies present a number of logistical and scientific challenges, the wealth of information obtained about the precursors and consequences of adolescent substance use provides unique insights into the neurobiological bases for adolescent substance use that will lay the groundwork for targeted interventions.