ACTIVE DRAG, USEFUL MECHANICAL POWER OUTPUT AND HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE COEFFICIENT IN DIFFERENT SWIMMING STROKES AT MAXIMAL VELOCITY
ACTIVE DRAG, USEFUL MECHANICAL POWER OUTPUT AND HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE COEFFICIENT IN DIFFERENT SWIMMING STROKES AT MAXIMAL VELOCITY
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DOI：
10.1016/0021-9290(92)90028-y
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发表时间：
1992-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
DUPLISHCHEVA, OA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KOLMOGOROV, SV;DUPLISHCHEVA, OA
通过对73名优秀游泳运动员在有阻力和无阻力情况下相同距离游泳所需时间的比较，在两种情况下输出功率相等的假设下，估算了阻力。 主动阻力F（r）（a.d.）在最大游泳速度变化相当大的中风和个人。 在雌性中，F（r）（a.d.）前爬泳、海豚泳、蛙泳和仰泳的平均肌张力分别为69.78 ~ 31.16N、83.04 ~ 37.78N、93.56 ~ 45.19N和65.51 ~ 37.79N。 在雄性F（r）（a.d.）前爬泳、海豚泳、蛙泳和仰泳的N值分别为167.11 ~ 42.23 N、156.09 ~ 46.95 N、176.87 ~ 55.61 N和146.28 ~ 46.36 N。 此外，F（r）（a.d.）到被动阻力F（r）（a.d.）如在牵引条件下（在标准体位-前滑翔）对类似速度所确定的，显示出相当大的个体差异。 在女游泳运动员中，F（r）（a.d.）/ F（r）（p.d.）前爬泳145.17 ~ 59.94%，海豚泳192.39 ~ 85.57%，蛙泳298.03 ~ 124.50%，仰泳162.87 ~ 85.61%。 男性游泳运动员F（r）（a.d.）/ F（r）（p.d.）前爬泳162.24 ~ 62.39%，海豚泳191.70 ~ 70.38%，蛙泳295.57 ~ 102.83%，仰泳198.82 ~ 74.48%。 造成这种差异的主要原因在于游泳技术的个体特征，并可用水动力系数定量估计，从而为技术提供了一个较好的指标。
By comparing the time of the same distance swum with and without an added resistance, under the assumption of an equal power output in both cases, the drag of 73 top swimmers was estimated. The active drag F(r)(a.d.) at maximal swimming velocities varied considerably across strokes and individuals. In the females F(r)(a.d.) ranged from 69.78 to 31.16 N in the front-crawl, from 83.04 to 37.78 N in dolphin, from 93.56 to 45.19 N in breaststroke, and from 65.51 to 37.79 N in back-stroke. In the males F(r)(a.d.) ranged from 167.11 to 42.23 N in front-crawl, from 156.09 to 46.95 N in dolphin, from 176.87 to 55.61 N in breaststroke, and from 146.28 to 46.36 N in back-stroke. Also, the ratio of F(r)(a.d.) to the passive drag F(r)(a.d.) as determined for the analogical velocity in a tugging condition (in standard body position-front gliding) shows considerable individual variations. In the female swimmers variations in F(r)(a.d.)/F(r)(p.d.) ranged from 145.17 to 59.94% in front-crawl, from 192.39 to 85.57% in dolphin, from 298.03 to 124.50% in breaststroke, and from 162.87 to 85.61% in back-stroke. In the male swimmers variations in F(r)(a.d.)/F(r)(p.d.) ranged from 162.24 to 62.39% in front-crawl, from 191.70 to 70.38% in dolphin, from 295.57 to 102.83% in breaststroke, and from 198.82 to 74.48% in back-stroke. The main reason for such variations is found in the individual features of swimming technique and can be quantitatively estimated with the hydrodynamic force coefficient, which thus provides an adequate index of technique.