Screening of phthalate esters in 47 branded perfumes
Screening of phthalate esters in 47 branded perfumes
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-015-5267-z
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Elkhatib, Rola
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Al-Saleh, Iman;Elkhatib, Rola
在过去的几年中，邻苯二甲酸盐在香水中的使用引起了人们的关注，因为这些化学物质有时会被有意添加作为溶剂和定香剂。采用顶空固相微萃取 (SPME) 和气相色谱-质谱联用 (GC-MS) 技术，对 47 种品牌香水中的五种邻苯二甲酸酯：邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 (DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯 (DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯 (BBP) 和邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯 (DEHP) 进行了测定。结果显示，所有 47 个品牌中均含有大量邻苯二甲酸盐，检测频率 > 定量限，顺序为：DEP (47/47) > DMP (47/47) > BBP (47/47) > DEHP (46/47) > DBP (23/45)。在 47 个品牌中，分别有 68.1%、72.3%、85.1%、36.2% 和 6.7% 的 DEP、DMP、BBP、DEHP 和 DBP 水平高于其报告的阈值限值。在这些邻苯二甲酸盐中，DEP 的平均值最高 (1621.625 ppm)，最大值为 23,649.247 ppm。 DEP 在香水工业中的使用不受限制，因为它不会对人类造成任何已知的健康风险。 DMP 在香水中的含量位居第二，平均值为 30.202 ppm，最大值为 405.235 ppm。尽管 DMP 在化妆品中可能有一些用途，但它不像 DEP 那样常用，而且它的使用也没有限制。 BBP 的含量也很高，平均值为 8.446 ppm，最大值为 186.770 ppm。尽管欧盟禁止在化妆品中使用 BBP，但接受测试的 27 种香水中 BBP 含量仍高于 0.1 ppm 的阈值限值。本研究中发现的 DEHP 平均值为 5.962 ppm，最大值为 147.536 ppm。尽管受到欧盟的禁止，欧洲国家生产的 7/28 香水的 DEHP 含量仍高于 1 ppm 的阈值限值。 DBP 水平普遍较低，平均值为 0.0305 ppm，最大值为 0.594 ppm。欧盟禁止在化妆品中使用DBP；然而，我们发现三个品牌的含量超出了 0.1 ppm 的阈值限值，并且全部都是在欧洲国家制造的。这项研究的结果令人震惊，绝对需要引起公众和卫生监管机构的注意。尽管一些邻苯二甲酸酯化合物仍在化妆品中使用，但许多科学家和环保活动人士认为，邻苯二甲酸酯是内分泌干扰化学物质，尚未被证明对任何用途（包括化妆品）都是安全的。邻苯二甲酸盐还可能具有不同程度的雌激素作用模式。此外，我们不应忽视邻苯二甲酸盐在日常产品中的广泛使用，以及从食品、药物和其他个人护理产品等来源接触这些化学物质。
In the last few years, the use of phthalates in perfumes has gained attention because these chemicals are sometimes added intentionally as a solvent and a fixative. Five phthalate esters, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), were measured in 47 branded perfumes using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed considerable amounts of phthalate in all 47 brands with detection frequencies > limit of quantitation in the following order: DEP (47/47) > DMP (47/47) > BBP (47/47) > DEHP (46/47) > DBP (23/45). Of the 47 brands, 68.1, 72.3, 85.1, 36.2, and 6.7 % had DEP, DMP, BBP, DEHP, and DBP levels, respectively, above their reported threshold limits. Of these phthalates, DEP was found to have the highest mean value (1621.625 ppm) and a maximum of 23,649.247 ppm. The use of DEP in the perfume industry is not restricted because it does not pose any known health risks for humans. DMP had the second highest level detected in the perfumes, with a mean value of 30.202 ppm and a maximum of 405.235 ppm. Although DMP may have some uses in cosmetics, it is not as commonly used as DEP, and again, there are no restrictions on its use. The levels of BBP were also high, with a mean value of 8.446 ppm and a maximum of 186.770 ppm. Although the EU banned the use of BBP in cosmetics, 27 of the tested perfumes had BBP levels above the threshold limit of 0.1 ppm. The mean value of DEHP found in this study was 5.962 ppm, and a maximum was 147.536 ppm. In spite of its prohibition by the EU, 7/28 perfumes manufactured in European countries had DEHP levels above the threshold limit of 1 ppm. The DBP levels were generally low, with a mean value of 0.0305 ppm and a maximum value of 0.594 ppm. The EU banned the use of DBP in cosmetics; however, we found three brands that were above the threshold limit of 0.1 ppm, and all were manufactured in European countries. The results of this study are alarming and definitely need to be brought to the attention of the public and health regulators. Although some phthalate compounds are still used in cosmetics, many scientists and environmental activists have argued that phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that have not been yet proven to be safe for any use, including cosmetics. Phthalates may also have different degrees of estrogenic modes of action. Furthermore, we should not dismiss the widespread use of phthalates in everyday products and exposure to these chemicals from sources such as food, medications, and other personal care products.