Objectivity in the eye of the beholder: Divergent perceptions of bias in self versus others
Objectivity in the eye of the beholder: Divergent perceptions of bias in self versus others
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.111.3.781
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gilovich, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pronin, E;Ross, L;Gilovich, T
自我认知和社会认知之间的重要不对称源于一个简单的事实：其他人的行为、判断和优先事项有时与自己的不同。这不仅导致人们对他人做出更多的性格推断（E. E. Jones & R. E. Nisbett, 1972），而且还认为他人更容易受到一系列认知和动机偏见的影响。尽管这种关于自己偏见的盲点可能有助于熟悉的自我增强动机，但它也是朴素现实主义现象学立场的产物。此外，人们倾向于更加相信自己对判断和行为的潜在影响的反思，而不是他人的类似反思，从而加剧了这种情况。作者回顾了这种不对称性及其根本原因的新旧证据，并讨论了它与其他心理现象以及人际和群体间冲突的关系。
Important asymmetries between self-perception and social perception arise from the simple fact that other people's actions, judgments, and priorities sometimes differ from one's own. This leads people not only to make more dispositional inferences about others than about themselves (E. E. Jones & R. E. Nisbett, 1972) but also to see others as more susceptible to a host of cognitive and motivational biases. Although this blind spot regarding one's own biases may serve familiar self-enhancement motives, it is also a product of the phenomenological stance of naive realism. It is exacerbated, furthermore, by people's tendency to attach greater credence to their own introspections about potential influences on judgment and behavior than they attach to similar introspections by others. The authors review evidence, new and old, of this asymmetry and its underlying causes and discuss its relation to other psychological phenomena and to interpersonal and intergroup conflict.