Marine mammals harbor unique microbiotas shaped by and yet distinct from the sea.
Marine mammals harbor unique microbiotas shaped by and yet distinct from the sea.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms10516
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发表时间：
2016-02-03
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Relman DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bik EM;Costello EK;Switzer AD;Callahan BJ;Holmes SP;Wells RS;Carlin KP;Jensen ED;Venn-Watson S;Relman DA
海洋哺乳动物在海洋中发挥着至关重要的生态作用，但人们对它们的微生物群落知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了来自48只健康海豚和18只健康海狮的5个身体部位的337个样本中的细菌群落，以及邻近海水和其他宿主的细菌群落。细菌分类组成与其他哺乳动物、食用鱼和海水的细菌分类组成不同，具有高度多样性，并根据身体部位和宿主物种而变化。海豚有30个细菌门，其中25个在口腔中，胃液中有几种丰富但特征不明显的Tenericutes物种，远端肠道中的拟杆菌数量惊人地少。约70%来自海豚的近全长细菌16S核糖体RNA序列是独特的。宿主栖息地、饮食和繁殖都有助于海洋哺乳动物远端肠道微生物群组成的变化。我们的研究结果有助于阐明海洋哺乳动物微生物群落的构成因素，并可能加强对海洋哺乳动物健康的监测。 海洋哺乳动物的微生物群知之甚少，尽管这些动物发挥着至关重要的生态作用。在这里，Bik等人描述了与海豚和海狮的各种身体部位相关的细菌群落，以及它们的食用鱼和邻近海水的微生物群。
Marine mammals play crucial ecological roles in the oceans, but little is known about their microbiotas. Here we study the bacterial communities in 337 samples from 5 body sites in 48 healthy dolphins and 18 healthy sea lions, as well as those of adjacent seawater and other hosts. The bacterial taxonomic compositions are distinct from those of other mammals, dietary fish and seawater, are highly diverse and vary according to body site and host species. Dolphins harbour 30 bacterial phyla, with 25 of them in the mouth, several abundant but poorly characterized Tenericutes species in gastric fluid and a surprisingly paucity of Bacteroidetes in distal gut. About 70% of near-full length bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from dolphins are unique. Host habitat, diet and phylogeny all contribute to variation in marine mammal distal gut microbiota composition. Our findings help elucidate the factors structuring marine mammal microbiotas and may enhance monitoring of marine mammal health. Little is known about the microbiota of marine mammals, despite the crucial ecological roles played by these animals. Here, Bik et al. describe the bacterial communities associated with various body sites in dolphins and sea lions, as well as the microbiota of their dietary fish and adjacent seawater.