Performance Analysis of GPS/BDS Broadcast Ionospheric Models in Standard Point Positioning during 2021 Strong Geomagnetic Storms
Performance Analysis of GPS/BDS Broadcast Ionospheric Models in Standard Point Positioning during 2021 Strong Geomagnetic Storms
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/rs14174424
复制
发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Qiang Li;X. Su;Yan Xu;Hongyang Ma;Zhimin Liu;Jianhui Cui;Tao Geng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qiang Li;X. Su;Yan Xu;Hongyang Ma;Zhimin Liu;Jianhui Cui;Tao Geng
广播电离层模型是消除全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）单频用户电离层延迟误差的主要方法之一。 GPS Klobuchar模型（GPSK8）是GPS广泛使用的广播电离层模型，而BDS通常实现BDS Klobuchar模型（BDSK8）和北斗全球广播电离层延迟校正模型（BDGIM）。地磁风暴可能会在电离层和近地空间内造成干扰，损害电离层模型的准确性并对导航卫星系统产生不利影响。本文通过实施广播电离层模型分析了GPS和BDS的静态标准点定位（SPP）精度，并研究了2021年发生的强地磁暴对定位精度的影响。结果表明，GPS+GPSK8、BDS+BDSK8、BDS+BDGIM的全球3D定位精度（95%）分别为3.92m、4.63m、3.50m。 BDS在北半球的定位精度优于南半球，而GPS则相反。在北半球中纬度地区，BDS+BDSK8和BDS+BDGIM定位精度相近，均优于GPS+GPSK8。应用这三种广播电离层模型后的定位精度显示冬季和夏季的性能优于春季和秋季（基于北半球季节）。除冬季外，夜间精度优于白天。 2021年（DOY）132日发生的强地磁暴仅对少数站点的定位精度产生影响；但全球平均定位精度并未受到明显影响。 DOY 307和DOY 308发生的强地磁暴对数十个台站的定位精度造成较大影响，全球平均定位精度受到一定影响，部分台站精度损失严重。定位精度的下降程度与地磁暴的强度成正比。在全球33个IGS多全球导航卫星系统实验（MGEX）站中，与高纬度地区相比，中低纬度地区受地磁暴影响更为显着。强地磁暴期间定位误差存在明显波动，极值增加，特别是向上方向。
The broadcast ionospheric model is one of the main methods for eliminating ionospheric delay errors for the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) single-frequency users. GPS Klobuchar model (GPSK8) is the widely used broadcast ionospheric model for GPS, while BDS usually implements the BDS Klobuchar model (BDSK8) and BeiDou Global Broadcast Ionospheric Delay Correction Model (BDGIM). Geomagnetic storms may cause interference within the ionosphere and near-Earth space, compromising the accuracy of ionospheric models and adversely affecting the navigation satellite systems. This paper analyzes the static Standard Point Positioning (SPP) accuracy of GPS and BDS by implementing the broadcast ionospheric models and then investigates the impact of strong geomagnetic storms occurring in 2021 on positioning accuracy. The results show that the global 3D positioning accuracy (95%) of GPS + GPSK8, BDS + BDSK8, and BDS + BDGIM are 3.92 m, 4.63 m, and 3.50 m respectively. BDS has a better positioning accuracy in the northern hemisphere than that of the southern hemisphere, while the opposite is valid for GPS. In the mid-latitude region of the northern hemisphere, BDS + BDSK8 and BDS + BDGIM have similar positioning accuracy and are both better than GPS + GPSK8. The positioning accuracy after applying those three broadcast ionospheric models shows the superior performances of winter and summer over spring and autumn (based on the northern hemisphere seasons). With the exception of during winter, nighttime accuracy is better than that of daytime. The strong geomagnetic storm that occurred on the day of year (DOY) 132, 2021 has an impact on the positioning accuracy for only a small number of stations; however, the global average positioning accuracy is not significantly affected. The strong geomagnetic storms that occurred in DOY 307 and DOY 308 have a significant impact on the positioning accuracy of dozens of stations, and the global average positioning accuracy is affected to a certain extent, with some stations experiencing a serious loss of accuracy. Decreased degrees in positioning accuracy is proportional to the intensity of the geomagnetic storm. Of the 33 IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations worldwide, those located in the low and mid-latitudes are more significantly affected by the geomagnetic storms compared with higher latitudes. Evident fluctuations of the positioning errors existed during the strong geomagnetic storms, with an increase in extreme values, particularly in the up direction.