Very early changes in olfactory functioning due to Alzheimer's disease and the role of Apolipoprotein E in olfaction
Very early changes in olfactory functioning due to Alzheimer's disease and the role of Apolipoprotein E in olfaction
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10651.x
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Murphy, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bacon, AW;Bondi, MW;Murphy, C
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是记忆丧失和至少一种其他认知障碍。这种疾病的早期诊断已被证明是困难的，因此一直是许多研究的重点。载脂蛋白E（ApoE）是一种在体内产生和分布的蛋白质，已显示出与β A4肽结合的特异性，β A4肽是AD老年斑的主要成分。此外，ApoE等位基因在AD中的比例过高，这两条证据表明，ApoE，特别是ApoE等位基因在AD的发展中起着重要作用。进一步支持这一假设的是神经心理学数据，这些数据显示，与没有等位基因的人相比，具有α 4等位基因的表面上非痴呆的人的认知能力下降。众所周知，嗅觉在AD中受损。因此，本研究的目的有两个：（1）检查AD引起的嗅觉功能的早期变化，（2）检查ApoE在早期认知功能下降的AD风险人群中嗅觉功能的作用。结果表明，嗅觉阈值的变化前一年的诊断从正常对照到AD的变化。此外，在轻度认知障碍的个体中，具有ApoE ε 4等位基因的个体比没有ε 4等位基因的个体表现出更差的阈值。
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative illness marked by memory loss and at least one other cognitive disturbance. Early diagnosis of the disease has proved difficult and has therefore been the focus of much research. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a protein manufactured and distributed throughout the body, has shown specificity of binding to the beta A4 peptide, the primary component in the senile plaques of AD. Furthermore, the ApoE, epsilon 4 (epsilon 4) allele, is overrepresented in AD, These two lines of evidence suggest that ApoE, specifically the epsilon 4 allele, plays an important role in the development of AD. Further support for this hypothesis appears in neuropsychological data showing cognitive decrements in ostensibly nondemented individuals with the epsilon 4 allele, compared to those without the allele. It is also well known that olfaction is compromised in AD. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine very early changes in olfactory functioning due to AD and (2) to examine the role of ApoE in olfactory functioning in people at risk for AD by virtue of early cognitive decline. Results demonstrated changes in olfactory threshold the year immediately preceding change in diagnosis from normal control to AD. Also, in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, those with the ApoE epsilon 4 allele show poorer thresholds than those without the epsilon 4 allele.