Combination of Assessment Indicators for Policy Support on Water Scarcity and Pollution Mitigation
Combination of Assessment Indicators for Policy Support on Water Scarcity and Pollution Mitigation
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DOI：
10.3390/w8050203
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发表时间：
2016-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Wei Yang;Junnian Song;Y. Higano;Jie Tang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wei Yang;Junnian Song;Y. Higano;Jie Tang
鉴于人们越来越关注寻求解决水资源短缺和污染（WSP）的问题，本文旨在开发重要的评估指标作为决策变量，为缓解水资源短缺和污染的政策建议提供参考。基于扩展的投入产出模型，新建立了由淡水消耗（FC）和水污染物排放（WPD）足迹、淡水和水污染物虚拟含量以及工业生产、FC和WPD的部门间联系组成的指标包。这些指标可以对 FC、WPD 和经济及其隐含的相互关系提供具体且结构良好的分析。选择位于中国东北地区的辽河源区作为应用该指标包的实证研究区。结果表明，农业和电力工业生产是FC的主要贡献者；农业和养殖业以及家庭是 WPD 的主要贡献者。研究区净输出大量的虚拟总氮、总磷和化学需氧量（分别为29.01×103 t、4.66×103 t、60.38×103 t）。农业和养殖业是可以限制其生产以有助于减轻水安全威胁而不会对经济造成过度负面影响的部门。根据对指标包的分析，提出了两类政策来减轻 WSP。一是直接向目标行业出台水污染物治理和节水政策；二是调整产业结构。制定的综合指标包和提出的方法预计将为政策研究人员和决策者提供更加健全的水管理的参考。
Given increasing concern about seeking solutions to water scarcity and pollution (WSP), this paper is intent on developing significant assessment indicators as decision variables for providing reference for policy proposals on the mitigation of WSP. An indicator package consisting of footprints of freshwater consumption (FC) and water pollutant discharge (WPD), virtual contents of freshwater and water pollutants, and inter-sectoral linkages in terms of industrial production, FC and WPD has been newly set up based on an extended input-output model. These indicators allow to provide specific and well-structured analysis on FC, WPD and the economy as well as their implicated interrelationships. The Source Region of Liao River located in northeastern China was selected as an empirical study area to apply the indicator package. The results indicate that farming and production of electricity industries are major contributors to FC; farming and breeding industries, and households are major contributors to WPD. The study area exports a large amount of net virtual total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (29.01 × 103 t, 4.66 × 103 t, 60.38 × 103 t, respectively). Farming and breeding industries are the sectors whose production could be constrained to contribute to mitigating WSP without excessive negative impacts on the economy. Two categories of policies have been proposed to mitigate WSP based on the analysis of the indicator package. One is to introduce direct water pollutant treatment and water-saving policies to the target sectors; the other is to adjust industrial structure. The integrated indicator package developed and the methodology presented are expected to provide policy researchers and decision makers with references for more sound water management.