Cognitively active externalization for situated reflection
Cognitively active externalization for situated reflection
复制标题
情境反射的认知主动外化
DOI：
10.1016/s0364-0213(02)00066-6
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Masukawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Shirouzu;N. Miyake;H. Masukawa
本文解释了协作如何导致抽象和灵活的问题解决。我们要求单独和配对的受试者指出一张正方形纸张面积的3/4或2/3，并发现(1)他们主要是折叠或分割纸张，而不是通过算法计算答案；(2)他们强烈倾向于回溯并在纸张上的折痕等外部痕迹上确认他们的原型计划；(3)只有配对的受试者在第二次试验中转向数学策略。基于这些结果，我们提出两个因素，即个体在选择和确认初始策略时的主动性，以及在协作情境中任务执行和监督之间频繁的角色交换，在协作中相互作用，产生不同程度抽象的各种解决方案，然后被参与者反映并引导他们抽象。
This paper offers an explanation of how collaboration leads to abstract and flexible problem solving. We asked the individual and paired subjects to indicate 3/4 of 2/3 of the area of a square sheet of paper and found that (1) they primarily folded or partitioned the paper rather than algorithmically calculating the answer, (2) they strongly tendened to backtrack and confirm their proto‐plans on externalized traces such as creases on the paper, and (3) only the paired subjects shifted to the mathematical strategy in their second trials. Based on these results, we propose that two factors, individuals' activeness in choosing and confirming the initial strategies and the frequent role exchange between task‐doing and monitoring in collaborative situations, interact in collaboration to generate various solutions differing in the degree of abstraction, which are then reflected upon by the participants to lead them to abstraction.