Migration behaviour of commercial monarchs reared outdoors and wild-derived monarchs reared indoors
Migration behaviour of commercial monarchs reared outdoors and wild-derived monarchs reared indoors
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.1326
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发表时间：
2020-08-12
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kronforst, Marcus R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tenger-Trolander, Ayse;Kronforst, Marcus R.
人工饲养帝王蝶是一种商业和个人追求，许多不同的团体和个人都喜欢。然而，这种做法仍然存在争议，特别是在新的证据表明，一群在户外饲养的商业来源的君主和一群在室内饲养的野生来源的君主都未能向南迁徙之后，不像在户外饲养的野生来源的君主。为了更全面地描述商业和室内饲养的帝王鸟失去定向的机制，我们进行了飞行模拟器实验，以确定(I)是否有任何一部分商业帝王在多次测试中保持向南飞行，以及(Ii)室内条件加上阳光是否可以诱导野生帝王向南飞行。在多次测试过程中，商业帝王比野生帝王更频繁地改变飞行方向。虽然作为一个群体，商业帝王并不是平均向南飞行，但在多次测试中，一小部分个体确实向南飞行，这可能解释了飞行模拟器测试与在越冬地点找回标记的商业帝王之间的不一致。我们还表明，即使是在室内阳光照射下长大的野生帝王，在飞行模拟器中也不会始终如一地朝向南方，尽管在户外饲养的野生帝王确实会朝向南方。
Captive rearing of monarch butterflies is a commercial and personal pursuit enjoyed by many different groups and individuals. However, the practice remains controversial, especially after new evidence showed that both a group of commercially derived monarchs reared outdoors and a group of wild-derived but indoor-reared monarchs failed to orient south, unlike wild-derived monarchs reared outdoors. To more fully characterize the mechanisms responsible for the loss of orientation in both commercial and indoor-reared monarchs, we performed flight simulator experiments to determine (i) whether any fraction of commercial monarchs maintains a southern heading over multiple tests, and (ii) whether indoor conditions with the addition of sunlight can induce southern flight in wild-derived monarchs. Commercial monarchs changed their flight direction more often over the course of multiple tests than wild-derived monarchs. While as a group the commercial monarchs did not fly south on average, a subset of individuals did orient south over multiple tests, potentially explaining the discordance between flight simulator assays and the recovery of tagged commercial monarchs at overwintering locations. We also show that even when raised indoors with sunlight, wild-derived monarchs did not consistently orient south in the flight simulator, though wild-derived monarchs reared outdoors did orient south.