Examining the Feasibility of Livestock Insurance in Mongolia
Examining the Feasibility of Livestock Insurance in Mongolia
复制标题
检验蒙古畜牧保险的可行性
DOI：
10.1596/1813-9450-2886
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Enkh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Skees;A. Enkh
蒙古牧民在最近的暴风雪（冬季灾害）中遭受了巨大损失，一些地区的牲畜死亡率超过50%。本研究探讨提供动物死亡赔偿保险的可行性。这样的事业在任何国家都是具有挑战性的。蒙古的挑战更大，因为蒙古幅员辽阔，牧民照管着3000多万头牲畜。为单个动物投保的传统方法根本行不通。欺诈和滥用的机会很大。减轻这种行为所需的监控成本将非常高。这项研究的重点是利用地方一级（例如，地区或农村地区）的牲畜死亡率作为补偿牧民的基础的可能性。指数保险在世界各地的应用正在增加，尽管迄今为止还没有一个国家对牲畜死亡实施这种保险。但是，很少有国家像蒙古一样，有如此频繁和高的局部动物死亡率，它是少数几个每年进行动物普查的国家之一。因此，这一概念可能正是启动社会牲畜保险计划所需要的。同样重要的是，蒙古使用的保险不应妨碍经验丰富的牧民在恶劣天气下拯救动物的特殊努力。事实上，使用个人保险可能会减少这些努力。牧民可能会问：“如果我只得到失去的动物的补偿，我为什么要这么努力地拯救我的动物呢？”由于指数保险将向同一地区的所有牧民支付相同的费率，因此管理部门减轻牲畜损失的动机仍然很强。没有人会减少他们为保险而付出的努力。那些在重大事件（暴风雪）期间增加努力的人可能会得到补偿，即使他们没有失去牲畜。在某些情况下，他们可以合理地期望获得报酬，以补偿为拯救牲畜所付出的额外努力或增加的成本。
Herders in Mongolia have suffered tremendous losses in recent dzud (winter disasters), with livestock mortality rates of over 50 percent in some locales. This study examines the feasibility of offering insurance to compensate for animal deaths. Such an undertaking is challenging in any country. Mongolia offers even more challenges given the vast territory in which herders tend over 30 million animals. Traditional approaches that insure individual animals are simply not workable. The opportunities for fraud and abuse are significant. Monitoring costs required to mitigate this behavior would be very high. This study focuses on the potential for using the livestock mortality rate at a local level (for example, the sum or rural district) as the basis for indemnifying herders. Applications of index insurance are growing around the world, although no country has so far implemented such insurance for livestock deaths. But few countries have such frequent and high rates of localized animal deaths as does Mongolia, and it is one of the few countries that perform an animal census every year. This concept may therefore be precisely what is needed to start a social livestock insurance program. Just as important, the insurance that is used in Mongolia should not interfere with the exceptional efforts that experienced herders take to save animals during severe weather. Using an individual insurance may, in fact, diminish these efforts. Herders may ask,"Why should I work so hard to save my animals if I will simply be compensated for those that are lost?"Since the index insurance would pay all herders in the same region the same rate, the incentives for management to mitigate livestock losses remain strong. No one would reduce their effort to collect on insurance. Those who increase their efforts during a major event (dzud) would likely be compensated for this effort even though they do not lose livestock. In some cases, they could reasonably expect to receive payments that would compensate for the added effort or the added cost of trying to save their livestock.