Mangrove Damage, Delayed Mortality, and Early Recovery Following Hurricane Irma at Two Landfall Sites in Southwest Florida, USA
Mangrove Damage, Delayed Mortality, and Early Recovery Following Hurricane Irma at Two Landfall Sites in Southwest Florida, USA
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DOI：
10.1007/s12237-019-00564-8
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Khan, Nicole S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Radabaugh, Kara R.;Moyer, Ryan P.;Khan, Nicole S.
热带和亚热带西大西洋海岸线的红树林时断时续地受到飓风的影响，并可能受到高速风、高能量风暴潮和风暴潮沉积物的破坏，这些沉积物窒息了树根。这项研究量化了2017年9月飓风伊尔玛直接袭击佛罗里达群岛下部和万岛红树林的损害、延迟死亡和地面以下和地上恢复的早期迹象的趋势。风暴过后2-3个月，佛罗里达群岛下部的红树林死亡率为19%，万岛的死亡率为11%；风暴过后9个月，这两个地区的死亡率分别上升至36%和20%。红树林的延迟死亡与森林地面上存在碳酸盐泥浆风暴潮沉积有关。红树的死亡和严重的枝条损害比红树幼树更常见。林冠覆盖率由风暴后1-2个月的40%增加到风暴后3-6个月的60%。树冠覆盖率在风暴后9个月保持不变，为以红树植物为主的林下树苗提供了光照。下佛罗里达群岛的土壤抗剪强度较高，且随深度而变化；边缘或盆地地块之间的抗剪强度没有发现明显的趋势。用根生长袋评估的根生长速率相对较低，在0.01-11.0gm(-2)月(-1)，而在万岛较高。这项研究表明，飓风过后3-9个月，红树林可能会出现显著的延迟死亡，其中一些死亡可归因于风暴潮沉积造成的窒息。
Mangrove forests along the coastlines of the tropical and sub-tropical western Atlantic are intermittently impacted by hurricanes and can be damaged by high-speed winds, high-energy storm surges, and storm surge sediment deposits that suffocate tree roots. This study quantified trends in damage, delayed mortality, and early signs of below- and aboveground recovery in mangrove forests in the Lower Florida Keys and Ten Thousand Islands following direct hits by Hurricane Irma in September 2017. Mangrove trees suffered 19% mortality at sites in the Lower Florida Keys and 11% in the Ten Thousand Islands 2-3 months post-storm; 9 months post-storm, mortality in these locations increased to 36% and 20%, respectively. Delayed mortality of mangrove trees was associated with the presence of a carbonate mud storm surge deposit on the forest floor. Mortality and severe branch damage were more common for mangrove trees than for mangrove saplings. Canopy coverage increased from 40% cover 1-2 months post-storm to 60% cover 3-6 months post-storm. Canopy coverage remained the same 9 months post-storm, providing light to an understory of predominantly Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) seedlings. Soil shear strength was higher in the Lower Florida Keys and varied with depth; no significant trends were found in shear strength between fringe or basin plots. Rates of root growth, as assessed using root in-growth bags, were relatively low at 0.01-11.0 g m(-2) month(-1) and were higher in the Ten Thousand Islands. This study demonstrated that significant delayed mangrove mortality can occur 3-9 months after a hurricane has passed, with some mortality attributable to smothering by storm surge deposits.