Educational Support on Computing and Informatics for Disadvantaged Groups, An Empowerment Perspective
Educational Support on Computing and Informatics for Disadvantaged Groups, An Empowerment Perspective
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从赋权的角度为弱势群体提供计算机和信息学教育支持
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-60013-0_152-1
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Toshinori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
北村知昭;藤井航;Toshinori
技术领域和地理信息社会人类活动发生在空间中，生产和再生产空间和地方，考虑到社会和物理规则，并占用空间（Werlen 1993）。几个世纪以来，人类一直在使用地理信息作为行动手段。对特定地点的描述，向他人解释路线，利用太阳和星星来确定方向，使用路标或制作草图来描绘宝藏的假定位置，这些都包含地理信息。这种类型的地理信息通常包括或多或少精确定义的位置，以及详细说明所描述的位置、区域或路线的特定质量的属性数据。想到对上一个假期的口头描述，人们通常会调查它在哪里，这个地方有什么特殊的品质，他们是如何到达那里的。亚洲和欧洲的早期统治者都通过空间化的数据来跟踪他们的臣民，以便征收税款，并利用领土战略来复制权力结构。所有这些行动都可以使用它们的位置“放在地图上”。从20世纪早期到中期开始，更多的技术可用于绘制议程。其中包括第一次世界大战期间为军事侦察飞行开发的第一次航空摄影技术，可以从高空俯瞰地球表面，这将世界的视角转变为额外的鸟瞰视角。后来，随着更多计算可能性的出现，GIS被开发用于加拿大林业的和平目的，从绘制，存储和分析大片土地数据的可能性中获益。虽然这项技术通过计算能力、算法和存储容量得到了迅速的提高，但这些地理信息系统显然是需要大量学术和技术教育才能使用的专家系统。与此同时，数据收集显然是民族国家及其行政实体的议程。
The Technological Domain and the Geoinformation Society Human action takes place in space, produces and reproduces space and place taking into account societal and physical rules, and appropriates space (Werlen 1993). As means of action, humans have been using geoinformation for centuries. A description of a specific place, explaining a route to someone else, using the sun and stars for orientation, using signposts or producing a sketch map to depict the supposed location of a treasure all contain geoinformation. This type of geoinformation usually consists of a location that is more or less exactly defined, as well as attribute data detailing specific qualities of the location, area, or route described. Thinking of a verbal description of the last holiday, people usually look into where it was, what the specific qualities of the place were, how they got there. Early rulers both in Asia and Europe kept track of their subjects in terms of spatialized data for tax collection and the reproduction of power structures using territorial strategies. All these actions clearly can be “put on the map” using their location. Starting in the early to mid-twentieth century, additional technologies became available for mapping agendas. These include first aerial photography developed for the military in reconnaissance flights leading to a distanced view of the earth’s surface from above during World War I, which transformed the view of the world into an additional bird’s eye perspective. Later, with the advent of additional computing possibilities, GIS were developed for peaceful purposes in Canadian forestry, profiting from the possibility to map, store, and analyze data of large tracts of land. While the technology was quickly enhanced through computing power, algorithms, and storage capacity, these Geographical information Systems clearly were expert systems that needed considerable academic and technical education to be used. At the same time, data collection was clearly an agenda of the nation state and its administrative entities.